【作者】 郭晓锋；

【导师】 吴泽勇；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人民调解作为一种具有中国特色的解决纠纷的机制,其形成和发展并不是偶然的,而是有着深厚的文化和社会基础。它渊源于我国古代传统调解制度,形成于新民主主义革命时期,并被成立初期的新中国正式确立。改革开放以来人民调解制度伴随经济、社会的变化而不断得以发展和完善,最终成为享有“东方之花”美誉的一项重要的非诉讼纠纷解决机制。追溯人民调解制度的历史演进和发展,对我们进一步认识人民调解的价值和功能,重构中国当代社会的人民调解制度有着重要意义。随着现代社会商品经济的高度发展,人们的权利意识不断提高,市民阶层和市民社会得以逐步形成,民主共和观念深入人心,对法治的追求也空前高涨,加之人民调解自身的改革反应迟缓。在此背景下,人民调解受案数量基本呈逐年下降趋势。人民调解的功能逐步衰退,使得人们开始怀疑它继续存在的价值,人民调解一时陷入困境。具体而言,导致人民调解日渐衰落的原因有以下几个方面:(一)现代法治理念与人民调解之间存在着形式上的悖论和误解。(二)城乡二元制结构的解体对人民调解制度造成了严重冲击和影响。(三)政治功能的弱化使得人民调解面临角色定位的难题。(四)人民调解制度自身的局限性限制了人民调解功能的发挥。现代社会是市场经济高度发展的社会,市场经济的发展对政治、文化的影响是不可估量的。但市场经济对法律的影响更为引人注目,以至有学者说市场经济就是法治经济。因此,诉讼在纠纷解决中所起的主导作用是任何其他纠纷解决方式都无法替代的。但是,由于纠纷数量的增多,诉讼本身的刚性原则和以暴力为后盾的强制性特点,使得诉讼在现代社会解决纠纷和维护社会秩序方面现得力不从心。与此同时,人民调解作为一种诞生于本土并经过创造性改造的自治型纠纷解决机制在当代中国社会中仍然具有重要的价值和意义。主要体现在:(一)人民调解作为一种多元化的纠纷解决的重要机制,体现着现代社会司法民主的理念。(二)诉讼与人民调解在现代中国社会中存在着调和共生的契机和必要。(三)人民调解具有传承文化、道德和培养新的社会观念的功能和意义。(四)人民调解能够促进法律的发展。(五)人民调解具有较强的自治功能。人民调解制度作为除诉讼以外的一种非诉讼纠纷解决机制,毫无疑问是适应了当今多元化社会对纠纷解决途径的需求,在当代中国社会中仍然具有重要的价值和意义。可是人民调解在面对现代化、多元化的社会构造时,却出现种种障碍,显得不尽如人意。因此,应对人民调解制度进行必要的改造和重构,使其更好的发挥应有的功能,把人民调解制度作为多元化的一种诉讼外纠纷解决机制进行重构,立足中国本土文化,考虑中国现实,同时借鉴国外一些国家和地区的相关成功经验为我所用,完善相关具体制度,加快人民调解的立法工作。只有这样,才能够健全和完善我国的人民调解制度,使其适应现代法制社会的发展,发挥应有的功能和作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of dispute-resolving mechanism with Chinese characteristics, the people’s mediation system is not formed and grew accidentally, but has deep-seated cultural and social foundations. It stems from our traditional mediation system in the ancient times, has its shape in the period of the new democratic revolution, and was officially established in the early days of new china. Since the reform and opening up, the people’s mediation system improved unceasingly following the changes in economy and society, and finally becomes an important way to settle a dispute without lawsuit, which is well-known as“the oriental flower”. It is quite necessary to trace back the historical evolution and development of the people’s mediation system, for this has very great significance for us to go a step further to the value and function of the system’s value and function and reconstruct the contemporary people’s mediation system.As the highly developed modern community economy, the people’s right awareness improved constantly, city residents and the civil society grew step by step, the democratic and republic sense strike root in the hearts of the people. Meanwhile their pursuit in politics is unprecedentedly skyrocketing, but the people’s mediation system itself reforms very slowly. Under this background, the number of the cases which are solved by mediation declines year after year. The phenomena that the people’s mediation system is now on the wane makes some people suspect its continuous existence, from some aspect it seems that the system has fallen into a deadlock for a short while. In detail, there are many reasons for the declining of the mediation system and the following are some typical ones: first, there is misunderstanding between the modern ruling-by-law conception and the pm system, so at some point we can say they are full of paradox. Second, the disintegration of dualism structure between the urban and rural areas brings about grave impact and influence on the system. Third, the weakening of the political function confronted the mp system with the difficult question of role-positioning. Fourth, the limitations of the pm system itself restrict the exploiting of its mediating function.The modern society is a highly-developed society of the market economy, which has inestimable influence on both politics and culture. However, its effect on the law is so noticeable that some scholars believe that market economy itself is the very law-ruling economy. Under this situation, lawsuit will still play the dominant role in settling disputes which can not be substituted by any other way. Nevertheless, with the ever-increasing number of various kinds of disputes, lawsuit may find itself short of its wishes to settle different disputes and uphold the public order. It needs the help of the mp system and the other channels to achieve this target. Briefly speaking, as an autonomous mechanism that was born in our native country and experienced creative adaption, the mp system still has its irreplaceable value and significance in contemporary china. This can be mainly showed in the following aspects: firstly, the mp system embodies the modern democratic faith in the field of judicature. Secondly, the mp system and the lawsuit have their opportunities and necessities to coexist with each other. Thirdly, the mp system has the ability to transmit culture and ethics and breed the new idea of the society. Fourthly it is able to promote the development of law; fifthly, the mp system has comparatively strong autonomous function.Without any doubt, the mp system meet the needs that the present diversified society requires, thus it still has important function in china now. But obviously only depending on it is not entirely satisfying confronting the modernized and diversified society. In view of this the author holds the opinion that we should take necessary reform and reconstruction toward the mp system to make better use of it. When we are accelerating our law-enacting work, we must base on the native culture, give adequate countries as reference. Only in this way can we perfect the mp system to make it adapted to the development of the modern law-ruling society.更多还原