【作者】 郭坤荣；

【导师】 徐跃通；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 河流是人类文明的发源地。随着工业文明的发展,大量废水的排入及水资源的短缺,河流的健康受到严重影响,河流退化成为当前世界各国河流生态系统面临的主要问题,河流生态健康评价及生态恢复正在引起国际社会的广泛关注。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,从维持河流健康生命的角度入手,提出了河流生态健康评价指标体系。针对泰安市大汶河的生态环境现状,进行了大量野外实地调查和到相关单位部门获取资料,运用定性与定量相结合的方法对大汶河生态健康进行了综合评价。全文的主要内容如下:第一部分为引言,主要介绍了本文的研究背景、目的意义、研究思路和技术路线。第二部分主要论述了生态系统健康的概念、河流生态系统的结构和功能、河流生态健康的概念、国内外河流健康研究进展、评价方法。第三部分在系统总结国内外河流生态健康及评价的相关理论和方法的基础上,结合中国河流退化现状和生态环境特征,通过3个评价目标和4个评价原则,构造了包含河岸带状况、水文状况、水环境状况、水生生物状况及社会经济状况5个一级指标和23个二级指标在内的一整套较为系统、完整且操作性强的河流生态健康评价指标体系,然后确立了五级的评价等级。通过对比河流生态健康评价方法,确定采用模糊层次综合评价方法对河流生态健康进行评价,并对隶属函数做了新的改进,建立了相应的评价模型。第四部分首先简要介绍了大汶河自然地理概况和社会经济概况,大汶河生态现状及面临的主要问题。然后根据前文构建的指标体系,在相应的国家标准基础上,制定了大汶河生态健康评价标准,通过专家打分及改进的层次分析方法确定各指标的权重后,运用模糊综合评价方法对大汶河生态健康作出相应的评价。通过评价得出结论:大汶河生态健康状况属于亚病态的隶属度最大为0.3858,根据最大隶属度原则,确定大汶河生态健康状况属于亚病态,且属于亚病态的下边缘,亟待进行治理和生态恢复。第五部分介绍了生态恢复的概念,在评价结果的基础上,制定了相应的生态恢复的目标,从宏观的角度提出了大汶河治理措施,进而又针对大汶河健康状况,具体设计了一个从大汶河的污染治理入手,适当引入当地植被带的大汶河生态恢复方案。第六部分通过本文的研究对全文进行总结并提出其存在的不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 River is the cradle of human civilization.With the development of industrial civilization, a great deal of wasted water is let out into rivers and the water resources are in short supply. At the same time, the ecological health of river is becoming worse and worse. As river degradation has become the primary problem faced by the river ecosystem of all countries, more and more attention has been paid to the assessment of river health and river ecological restoration. Based on the previous studies, the thesis tries to establish a river ecological health assessment index system and apply it to the ecological health assessment of Dawen River. The data in the study is collected both directly by doing much fieldwork and indirectly from some concerning departments. The methodology adopted in the thesis is the combination of qualitative approach and quantitative approach.The whole thesis consists of six parts.The first part is the introduction to the thesis. It mainly discusses the background, objectives and significances of the study, and the pattern and techniques involved in the study.The second part is devoted to the concept of ecosystem health, the concept of river ecosystem, and the structure and functions of river ecosystem. Besides, it also reviews the development of the studies on river ecological health and its assessment methods both at home and abroad.In the third part, the author firstly summarizes the relevant theories on river ecological health assessment in and out of China. Then in combination with the present situation of river degradation and ecological environment in China, the author establishes a river ecological health assessment index system by defining three assessment objectives and four assessment principles. The index system is composed of 5 sub-indices which include the riverside banding, hydrology, river environment, river biology and social economic situation along the river, and 23 indicators. This system also has a five-level assessment grade. By comparing different river ecological health assessment methods, the author decides to adopt the fuzzy synthetical assessment method. In addition, in this part, the author also improves membership function and creates the corresponding assessment matrix.In the fourth part, firstly, the author presents the geographical, social and economic conditions of Dawen River, its ecological situation and its problems; then, based on the index system created in the third part and related national standards, the author puts forward the Dawen River ecological health assessment standard; thirdly, after deciding the weightiness of different index which is conducted by studying the marks given by the experts and by using the improved analytical method, the author employs the fuzzy synthetical assessment method. to assesses the ecological health of Dawen River; finally, the author draws the conclusion that the ecological health of Dawen River belongs to submorbidity, and its biggest degree of membership is 0.3858. According to the manximam membership principle, the ecological health of Dawen River is on the lower edge of submorbidity. Dawen River is in urgent need of harnessing and ecological restoration.The fifth part introduces the concept of ecological restoration and sets the ecological restoration goals in accordance with assessment results. It also proposes some measures to restore ecological health of Dawen River from a macro angle and further puts forward a practical and feasible project which includes reducing pollution and planting more native vegetation.In the sixth part, the author sums up the main points of the thesis and points out the limitations of the study.更多还原