基于RS与GIS的黄水河流域生态安全评价研究

【作者】 杨圣军；

【导师】 吴泉源；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生态安全指的是一个国家生存和发展所需的生态系统处于不受或者少受破坏与威胁的状态,是满足人类生存与发展的必备条件。生态安全是国家安全和社会稳定的一个重要组成部分,是整个生态经济系统可持续发展的生态保障。生态安全评价是指在生态环境质量评价成果的基础上,按照生态系统本身为人类提供服务功能的状况和保障人类社会经济与农业可持续发展的要求,对生态环境因子及生态系统整体,对照一定的标准,进行的生态安全状况评估。本文以黄水河流域为例进行生态安全评价研究,采用栅格作为基本评价单位,然后在RS和GIS技术支持下获取生态安全评价因子信息,通过生态安全评价模型的运算,计算出每个栅格的生态安全指数,最终获得黄水河流域的生态安全现状分级。论文的主要研究内容和研究成果有:1.针对黄水河流域生态安全现状,基于压力—状态—响应模型框架建立了包括自然环境状态、人类社会压力、人类社会响应三方面共9个要素指标层17个具体指标因子的生态安全评价指标体系。2.对遥感影像进行一系列校正、增强等处理后,提取土地利用/土地覆被,植被覆盖度,水土侵蚀强度等因子信息。运用GIS手段并结合一些气象资料、地形地貌资料和社会统计资料来求得其它生态安全评价因子信息。3.构建生态安全评价因子数据库,采集生态安全评价因子数据,并按照统一的数字环境框架规范化、标准化输入到数据库中。生态安全评价因子数据库包括基础要素数据库、地形地貌数据库、气象因素数据库、自然环境现状数据库、社会属性数据库、生态压力数据库等部分。4.对生态安全指标因子进行标准化处理,然后分别从自然环境状态因子、社会压力因子、社会响应因子三个方面计算单因子生态安全指数,结果表明黄水河流域中上游地区自然环境状态较好,而社会压力因子和社会响应因子都是下游地区较大。5.按照生态安全综合指数划分为五个生态安全度,黄水河流域生态安全分级以安全和基本安全为主,面积分别为46211公顷和40474公顷,占流域总面积比例的45.2%和39.6%,非常安全和不安全也分别占5.7%和9.2%,极不安全面积最少,只有总面积的0.3%。黄水河流域的平均生态安全指数是69.7,属于基本安全的级别。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological security means that an ecosystem is no suffered or little suffered of being destroyed and threatened, which is an essential condition for human survival and evolution. Ecological security is an important constitute of National security and Social safety, as well as ecology guarantee of the ecology-economy system and sustainable development.The evaluation of ecological security, based on the evaluation of environment quality, evaluates the condition of ecological security including both of environment gene and the ecosystem for the service function and guarantee the social economic society sustainable development of human being.Take HuangShuihe river valley as an example for the evaluation of ecological security in the text. First, take grid as basic unit and get ecological security gene information of each grid. Then, figure out ecological security index of each grid, by operating the model of the ecological security evaluation. Finally, acquire ecological security classification. The primary research contents and research outcome as follows:1. Aim for ecological security actuality of HuangShuihe River valley, establish ecological security index system that include three aspect, State, Pressure, Response, 9 element layers and 17 index factors based on P-S-R model.2. Correct and enhance remote sensing image, then Obtain land use and cover, vegetation cover degree, degree of soil erosion and so on. With the help of GIS and weather datum, physiognomy landform and society statistic datum to acquire other Ecological security factors information.3. Establish Ecological security factor database, collect Ecological security factor datum, and input them to database according to uniform figure environment frame. The database of Ecological security includes basic element, landform physiognomy, weather element, environment actuality, society attribute and ecology stress database and so on. 4. Classification standardization of guideline factor, calculating single factor ecosafety index from three aspect, environment state, society pressure and society response. The result showed the upper stream of Huangshuihe valley was better in environment state,while the downstream of Huangshuihe river is much batter in society pressure and society response.5. The degree of Ecological security was divided into five degree according to Ecological security index. The most area of Huangshuihe valley was safety and basically safety, which was 46211 ha and 40474 ha, accounting for 45.2%and 39.6%. 5.7% specially security and 9.2% insecurity and specially insecurity only 0.3% of total area. The average Ecological security index of Huangshuihe was 69.7,belonging to basically safety.更多还原