【作者】 苏安伟；

【导师】 梁明振；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验采用两因素析因(2*3)设计，研究不同氮源和能量水平对摩杂泌乳水牛产奶性能、血液生化指标、内分泌激素及繁殖性能的影响，探索影响摩杂一代泌乳水牛生产性能的营养因子，并筛选出最佳的日粮组合。试验选择泌乳期相近的摩杂一代泌乳水牛24头，随机分成6组，每组4头，分别饲喂6种日粮，试验期共150天，以饲粮的能量水平和蛋白质的来源作为两个试验因子，把能量设2个水平，为别为6.61和7.05MJ／kg(产奶净能)，蛋白的来源分别为完全豆粕、菜粕型(对照组)、添加3.5％的羽毛粉、添加2.5％磷酸脲。主要研究饲料的能量因素和不同蛋白质来源对摩杂泌乳水牛生产性能的影响。试验结果表明：1．饲喂高能量水平的日粮，泌乳水牛的增重显著高于饲喂低能组(P＜0.05)，而干物质采食量的增量则稍低于饲喂低能组日粮，但差异不显著；平均产奶量要高于饲喂低能量水平日粮，且差异显著(P＜0.05)；高能组的乳脂率有降低的趋势，而低能组有升高的趋势，但差异不显著，乳蛋白、乳糖和非脂固形物没有太大变化；饲喂高能组日粮，消化能转化为乳能的效率显著高于低能组(P＜0.05)，饲料蛋白质转化为乳蛋白的效率也显著高于低能组(P＜0.05)；各营养养分的表观消化率除低能组的粗纤维显著高于高能组外(P＜0.05)，其他都基本一致；高能组水牛血液中甘油三酯、葡萄糖的浓度要低于低能组，但差异不显著；高能组水牛血液中泌乳素的浓度显著高于低能组(P＜0.05)，胰岛素的浓度也显著高于低能组(P＜0.05)；血液中生殖激素(卵泡生成素和黄体生成素)的浓度要高于低能组，但差异不显著；产后发情配种的时间要短于低能组，且差异显著(P＜0.05)。2．添加羽毛粉组日粮，泌乳水牛干物质采食量的增量，要低于添加磷酸脲组和对照组，但差异也不显著；平均产奶量在产后0-90天要高于对照组和添加磷酸脲组，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)；添加磷酸脲组的乳蛋白、非脂固形物最高，显著高于添加羽毛粉组(P＜0.05)，乳糖也高于其他两组，但差异不显著；添加羽毛粉组，消化能转化为乳能的效率最高，而添加磷酸脲组最低，但差异不显著，饲料蛋白质转化为乳蛋白的效率是添加磷酸脲组最高，对照组最低，但差异不显著；添加磷酸脲组各养分的表观消化率除粗纤维和粗脂肪显著高于添加羽毛粉组(P＜0.05)，对照组粗脂肪的表观消化率也显著高于添加羽毛粉组(P＜0.05)，其他差异都不显著；添加磷酸脲组和添加羽毛粉组水牛血液中血清总蛋白、尿素氮的浓度要高于对照组，但差异不显著；添加羽毛粉组水牛血液中总T4的浓度显著高于添加磷酸脲组和对照组(P＜0.05)；添加磷酸脲组促卵泡生成素的浓度要高于其他组，差异不显著，但产后91天要比产后70天的浓度有所降低；添加羽毛粉组的水牛产后发情配种的时间要短于对照组，而添加磷酸脲组要长于对照组，且差异都不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiments were conduted to study the effects of different protein source and energy level on milk performance, biochemical parameters of blood, endocrine hormone, and reproductive performance, to find the fators of effecting performance of buffalo and select best diet.During this experiment, 24 buffaloes were used, they were divided into 6 teams, each team had 4 buffaloes, they were feeded 6 kinds of dietary treatment, the 2*3 factorial trial involves two energy level (6.61 MJ/kg and 7.05 MJ/kg) and 3 nitrogen source, mainly study the effects of different nitrogen source and energy level on performance of buffalo.The results of this experiment showed: 1. feeding high energy level diet, weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) , DM intake also increased, but not significantly; milk yield increased significantly (P <0.05), fat percentage feeding high energy level increased and low energy level team decreased ,but not significantly, other milk composition had not significant effects; feeding high energy level diet, energy efficiency was significant higher than low energy level team (P<0.05) , protein efficiency had the same result; there were no significant difference in all nutrient digestibility except crude fiber, high energy level team was significant higher than low energy level team; the concentration of triglyceride and glucose in high energy level team was lower than in low energy team, but not significantly, the concentration of galactin in high energy level team was significant higher than in low energy team (P<0.05) , the concentration of insulin had the same conclusion; the concentration of reproductive hormones in high energy level team was higher than in low energy team, but not significantly; the days of estrus and hybridization in high energy level team were fewer than in low energy team (P <0.05) .2. feeding the diet adding to feather meal, buffalo’s DM intak increased, but less thanother treatments, but not significantly; milk yield was significant more than other treatments(P<0.01) ,protein and SNF percent in milk which add to phosphate urea were highest, significant higher than adding to feather meal (P<0.05) , lactose percent also higher than other two treatments, but not significantly; energy efficiency adding to feather meal was higher than other two treatments, but not significantly, protein efficiency adding to phosphate urea was highest, the control group was lowest, but not significantly; the digestibility of fiber and fat in phosphate urea team were significant higher than feather meal team (P <0.05), and the control group was significant higher than feather meal team (P <0.05) ; the concentration of total serum protein and BUN in control group was higher than in feather meal group and phosphate urea group, but not significantly; the concentration of T4 in feather meal group buffalo was significant higher than phosphate urea group and control group; the concentration of Follicle stimulating hormone was higher than other two groups, but not significantly; the days of estrus and hybridization in feather meal group buffalo was shorter than control group, and phosphate urea group was longer than control group, but not significantly.更多还原