【作者】 王峰；

【导师】 陈超君； 徐建云；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以甘蔗品种园林6号以及鱼粉有机—无机复混肥为试验材料，以不施肥处理为CK，根据施肥时期以及施肥方法的不同设五个施肥技术处理，以研究不同施肥技术对甘蔗高产群体生长动态、光合生产相关指标、生理生化特性、土壤肥力、蔗茎产量和品质等方面的影响，结果表明：一、群体生长动态：发芽率最高是B处理，为67.85％，其次CK处理65.47％，最低的为A处理，其出苗率为49.4％；分蘖率最高为D处理，为36.13％，其次为CK28.65％，最低的E处理仅为10.61％；各处理平均生长速度均高于CK，依次为B＞C＞E＞A＞D＞CK。整个生育期叶面积指数最大为A处理3.82，其余各处理均高于CK 3.30的水平；有效茎数最多是D处理，达3567条／667m2，最少是A处理，仅为3177条／667m~2。但均高于CK3099条／667m~2。二、田间光合指标：不同施肥处理的甘蔗植株气孔导度、蒸腾速率的变化相似，处理间差异不显著。各处理净光合速率前后变化不大，最高为C处理，其次为A、E处理，最低为B、D处理，且各处理均高于CK。叶温的变化与生育期内温度的变化一致且均低于CK。三、与生长相关的一些生理生化指标：叶绿素含量、酸性转化酶活性等方面：各处理均表现为分蘖期较高，伸长初期有所降低，伸长盛期最高，工艺成熟期再度下降；硝酸还原酶活性在7月底最低，8月后升高，各处理最高为A处理，其次为B、E处理，最低为D处理，且各处理均高于CK；中性转化酶活性在7月底达到最高，8月底最低，各处理以D处理为最高，其次为E、B、A处理，最低的是C处理，各处理均较CK为高。四、施肥对土壤养分状况的影响：种植中、后期土壤速效N平均含量以D处理为最高，最低为B处理，各处理依次为C＞CK＞E＞A＞B；土壤速效P平均含量依次为C＞B＞A＞D＞E＞CK；土壤速效K平均含量依次为C＞D＞A＞E＞B＞CK；土壤中的有机质含量除C处理比种植前略微升高外，各处理土壤有机质含量均下降；PH值除C和D有少许下降外，各处理pH值均明显升高。五、蔗茎产量及品质：处理间每666.7m~2的蔗茎产量分析结果表明：各处理产量除A处理外均显著高于CK，其中处理D与CK差异达极显著水平，各处理666.7m~2蔗茎产量较CK提高百分比依次D40.94％＞E 25.22％＞B 24.98％＞C 22.76％＞A 11.80％；甘蔗蔗糖分最高的是D处理，为16.19％，最低的是CK处理，为14.96％；各处理的还原糖含量较低，且均低于CK0.25％；各处理蔗汁重力纯度均在88％以上；各处理666.7m~2含糖量分析结果表明：各处理每666.7m~2含糖量均显著高于CK，并且处理B、C、D、E每666.7m~2含糖量与CK差异达极显著水平，处理A相对较差，各处理较CK每666.7m~2含糖量增加百分比分别为D 52.52％＞E 31.41％＞B 30.66％＞C 26.36％＞A19.34％。综合分析表明，各处理表现均优于CK，处理D、E最后获得较高的产量和良好的品质，证明此两个处理较其它处理为优，在生理生化指标来看，各处理差异不大。同时，通过土壤肥力的分析，各处理对土壤均有一定的培肥效果，其中以处理C培肥效果较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effect of different fertilization style on high yield colony growth dynamic, index related to photosynthesis produce, physiological and biochemical characterization, soil fertility, output and quality of sugarcane, we experiment on Yuanlin 6 sugarcane with organic-inorganic multiple goof manure, setting five different fertilization treatment and a blank CK with no fertilization. The results are shown below:1. Growing dynamics of colonies: treatment B shows the highest germination rate which reached 67.85%, the lowest one was treatment A, only 49.45%; all of the rest are lower than CK which was 65.47%. For tiller rate, the highest one was treatment D which was 36.13%, the second was CK with 28.65%, and the lowest was treatment E, only 10.61%. Average growth rate of the five treatment are higher than CK, the order from high to low was B, C, E, A, D, and CK. The LAI(leaf area index) of whole growth period of treatment A was 3.15, it was higher than other treatments, and the lowest one was CK which was 2.63.The number of productive culms of D reached 3567/667m~2 which was more than others, and CK was 3099/667m~2, lower than all of the treatments.2. Photosynthesis index: changes of pore transmit degree and transpiration velocity of different treatment was similar: lower in the initial periods of elongation and heighten in the major onset. There was little difference among the five treatments. Change of net photosynthesis velocity of every treatment is not apparent, the highest one was C, then A,E, B, D, and the last one was CK. Changes of leaf temperature were as same as temperature changes in whole bearing period, and tinier than CK.3. Some physiological and biochemical index related to growth: chlorophyll content and acidity invertase activity are higher in stooling stage than in initial periods of elongation and reached highest in major onset, then reduced in technical maturity period. Nitrate reductase activity existed lowest in July and hoisted in August. And treatment A shows highest activity and then B and E, D, the last one was A. At the end of July, Neutrality invertase activity was highest and declined to the lowest at the end of August. And among the five treatments, D was highest, then E, B, A and C, and any of them was higher than CK.4. Effect of fertilization on soil nutrient: In the middle and evening of planting, the content of quick result N in soil of D treatment is highest, and B is lowest, the order of other treatment is C, CK, E, A and B from high to low. For the content of quick result of P, the gradation is C, then B, A, D, E, and the last one was CK. For K, the order from high to low was C,D,A,E,B,CK. Organic content of soil in all treatment was deduced except C. PH value of soil in all treatments was raised obviously except C and D.5. Yield and quality of sugarcane: The output of all of the treatments except A is higher than CK. And D and CK had noticeable difference. The increased percent of treatment A, B, C, D, E compared to CK was 11.80%, 24.98%, 22.76%, 40.94%, and 25.22% respectively. Sugar content of every treatment is higher than CK, and D was highest, reached 16.19%. But reductive sugar content of each treatment was lower than CK which was 0.25%. The gravity purity of sugarcane juice from every treatment are above 88%.Sucrose yield per 667m~2 of all treatments was higher than CK, and B, C, D and E had reached distinct difference level compared to CK. The increased percent of Sucrose yield per 666.7 m2 for A,B,C,D,E compared to CK wasl9.34%, 30.66%,26.36%,52.52% and 31.41% respectively.According to the results, we can conclude that all treatments are better than CK, and it certified that treatment B and E is better than others. We can acquire higher productivity and better quality through the two treatments. From the point of physiological and biochemical index, there were little difference among these treatments. According to the analysis of soil fertility, all treatment had effect on improving soil fertility, especially treatment C.更多还原