【作者】 孙琴；

【导师】 胡耀震；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 李商隐是唐代祭文名家,《旧唐书》说他“尤善为诔奠之辞”,清代孙梅说“魏晋哀章,尤尊潘令;晚唐奠醊,最重樊南”。李商隐致力于祭文创作,对文体发展取得较大突破,成就不逊于诗歌。可一直以来关注极少,二十世纪以来千余篇研究论文中只有两篇涉及。本文以李商隐祭文为研究对象,以晚唐特定时代历史环境和文体演进历程为背景,全面考察分析其祭文特色及成就。全文共分五章。第一章论述祭文思想内容的拓展。李商隐在遵守“赞言行”“寓哀伤”文体要求的基础上,拓展祭文的表现领域。集中展现家道变迁史和个人奋斗历程;感时伤世、书怀言志,反映广阔的社会现实和复杂的人生百态。第二章分析祭文体式的变革和表现手法的丰富。李商隐用声情并茂的骈文代替四言韵文的正体形式,避免典重凝滞的同时赋予抒情最大自由,开创了一种实用性和艺术性兼美的书写模式。并进一步丰富祭文艺术手法,通过细腻生动的心理刻画、一往情深的细节描写和场景描绘、层层推进的叙事手法,充分发挥祭文抒悲写痛的功能。第三章论述祭文的散化。李商隐以祭文为载体继续推进骈文散化进程,“骈散兼行,得错综之美”,呈现出充沛的古文之气。第四章分析祭文和诗歌的相互影响。李商隐祭文具有诗化特征,运用诗歌语言,具有与诗歌相似的审美品质;将典故诗化便于合乎声律,造成诗化效果;行文婉转,挟情韵以行,形成一唱三叹的抒情诗韵味;将感伤意识和悲慨心态渗入,具备与诗歌相通的创作心理。李商隐在注重祭文实用性的基础上提升其审美价值,为后世提供了优秀的摹写范式,在祭文发展和文体演进历程中影响深远。他还将创作经验用于悼祭诗歌,包括典故的积累、骈偶技巧的学习和表现手法的借鉴,丰富了诗歌创作,推动悼伤文学发展。第五章李商隐祭文书写意义。从文学主张、学识积累和文学发展规律三方面探讨变革的原因。从艺术经验的借鉴、文学创新精神的影响和对悼伤文学的完善三方面阐述祭文书写意义。爱这人生,才恨这人生。李商隐借祭文唱出一曲人生挽歌,传达对人生的惨痛体验和深沉眷恋。通过祭文研究可以贯通整个作家作品,使我们了解到更真实更全面的李商隐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Li Shangyin is one of the famous writers of elegiac address in the Tang Dynasty.“Old Tang Book”says“Li is especially good at writing elegiac address”. SunMei, a scholar of Qing Dynasty, once commented“During the Wei and Jin Dynasty, the verse created by PanYue was the best, while in the late Tang Dynasty, people’s attention was focused on Li Shangyin.”Li Shangyin committed to elegiac address writing and achieved great breakthrough to its development in line with his poetry. However, concerns about it may have been so minimal that there are only two research papers in more than 1,000 involved his verse since 20th century. Based specific times on the late Tang historical background and cultural evolution of the course, this thesis will review and analyze the characteristics and achievements made in this field in a comprehensive way with the verse of Li’s as the target.The full text is divided into five interrelated chapters. The first chapter is about the expansion of ideological content. Li Shangyin broke the traditional writing style and made a detailed reflection of the family history and the personal course of struggle. His articles reflected the specific historical background. He wrote about the broad social realities and complexities of life in all shapes and sizes. The second part is about style changes and the richness of expression. Li Shangyin used pianwen instead of traditional four-character verse form, which avoided inflexibility in writing and endowed moody expressions more freedom. By doing so, he initiated a new artistic and practical mode of writing. Moreover, he tried to enrich the techniques of expressions to make funeral verse functions ultimately in expressing grief, through delicate and vivid psychological depictions, descriptions of details scenes and the approach of overlapping. The third chapter describes the prosaic style. Li shangyin promoted the process of pianwen prosaic, his elegiac address exhibited strong prosaic style. The fourth chapter deals with the impaction between elegiac address and poetry. Li’s addresses showed the characterizations of poetry, including using such poetry moody expressions, which shows the similar aesthetic quality to poetry; his writings sparkle with simplified poetic allusions to facilitate rhyme and tone of the words, causing poetic effect, emotions and chants facilitate the ambience of lyric. Incorporating sentimental awareness and mentality into his writing shows similar creation psychology to poetry. Li shangyin enhanced the status of elegiac address, made an excellent model of creative writing paradigm of elegiac address for future generations and had historical significance in the development of elegiac address and pianwen. He also incorporated the experience into the creation of elegies including the accumulation of stories, the use of antitheses, which not only enriched the creation of poetry but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of funeral literature. Chapter V analyzes the significance of traditional written form from the three aspects of Li’s proposition about literature, literal knowledge accumulation and developing rules. And describe the significance from the borrowing of experience from art, the influence of the creation sprit and the perfection of condolence literature.People execrate the life just because they are sentimentally attached to the life. Li Shangyin’s elegiac address can express the bitter experience of life and his deep attachment to the world. The study on Li’s elegiac address links up his own works, which contribute to the understanding more fully of Li Shangyin.更多还原