【作者】 孙莉莉；

【导师】 方志远；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 专门史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 会馆是明清时期政治、经济因素发展、酝酿到一定程度的产物。透过会馆这面镜子,能折射出明清社会上层至下层的社会生活与问题的方方面面。本文以明清以来北京江西会馆为研究对象,重点讨论其的发展与管理。对明清以来北京江西会馆出现的社会背景、不同的发展阶段及其各阶段的特征、会馆功能与管理体制进行了深入分析。指出:明清北京政治、经济、文化中心的地位吸引了士绅、商人乃至百姓来一显身手、博名博利。而各类会馆,如士绅、工商、举人会馆也应运而生。江西人官本位的价值取向与在此取向下孕育的江西商人的秉性,决定了江西在北京的会馆多是士商共同倡建的举人会馆。在此影响下,北京江西会馆多分布在离贡院、府衙等政治权力与文化的中心较近的区域。再加上明清以来北京城的规划、职能建筑的分布、江西的政治经济实力等因素的影响,会馆的数目与分布都发生着一些变化。但江西会馆在自明永乐年间出现、清顺治至光绪三十年间达到鼎盛至1950年前后终结的发展过程中始终以出现早、数量多、分布广而倍显于世。北京江西会馆在创立之初秉承着联谊乡情、提供互助的宗旨,对在北京的同乡人提供住宿、信息乃至死后安葬等扶助。在会馆的管理组织形式与会馆章程、条例中,多有仿效西方商会的影子,这也是值得肯定的。但由于政局的变化、政府管理体制及会馆自身管理体制上的漏洞等因素使会馆出现了很多问题,以至到了清末不少会馆的规模不断缩小,甚至风雨摇坠。更多还原

【Abstract】 Content:Guild hall is the offspring of the Ming and Qing dynasty’s economy and politics factor developing a certain extent. By the Guild hall as mirror, the society problem and life problem of the Ming and Qing dynasty’s the topper classes and lower classes is reflected. The paper takes Beijing Jiangxi Guild hall since Ming and Qing dynasty’s as the studied object, and the emphases is discussing their development and managing. Since Ming and Qing dynasty’s , the society background , the different development phase and its character, the Guild hall function and the managed system is analyzed deeply. The paper indicates: the status of Ming and Qing dynasty’s Beijing economy, politics and culture center attract gentleman, businessman and common people to fame and gain. So some kinds of guild hall came into being, as the guild hall gentleman, the businessman guild hall and the official guild hall. The Guild hall in Beijing is mostly the official guild hall built by gentleman and businessman together, decided by the value judgment and the essentiality of Jiangxi businessman In that influence, Beijing Jiangxi Guild hall distribute near the politics and culture center area. In addition,In this influence,for example,the programming of Beijing city,the distributing of function architecture,Jiangxi’s economy and politics strength, the number and distributing of Guild hall happens some change. However, the developing process of Jiangxi Guild hall appearing since Ming’s Yongle years, achieving at the height of power form Qing’s Shunzhi years to Guangxu thirtieth year, finishing about 1950s, has characteristic of appearing early,number largely and distributing widely,faming in the world. Beijing Jiangxi Guild hall at the beginning of founding take the touching countrymen’s sensation,providing the mutual help,and provide the assist of the abode,information and bury to the countrymen in Beijing. The managing and organizing form, the rule and the statute of guild hall following the occident chamber of commerce, that is recommendable. However, the factors, for example, the changing of the political situation and the leaking managing system of government and guild hall self, make the guild hall appear a large number of problem ,the scale of some guild hall reduce continually and become bankruptcy to the of Qing.更多还原