【作者】 姜秀平；

【导师】 贾素云； 高艳阳；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,以醋酸锌、草酸和无水乙醇为原料制备了纳米氧化锌,通过在反应体系中加入无机物、表面活性剂以及有机物等不同类型的添加剂,研究了各种添加剂对氧化锌纳米粒子形貌的影响,并探索了各种添加剂在棒状纳米氧化锌形成过程中的作用及棒状纳米氧化锌的生长机理。氧化锌纳米粒子的组成和形貌采用X射线粉末衍射仪和透射电镜进行了表征。实验结果表明:在溶胶-凝胶法制纳米氧化锌的反应体系中,无机物、表面活性剂和有机物的加入均促进了球形的氧化锌纳米粒子定向排列生长为棒状的趋势,而且添加剂的用量对氧化锌纳米粒子的形貌也有一定的影响。但是各种添加剂对氧化锌纳米粒子形貌影响的效果是不一样的,其中以表面活性剂和有机物对氧化锌纳米粒子形貌的影响效果较为显著,而无机添加剂对氧化锌纳米粒子形貌的改变是有一定限度的。在以表面活性剂为添加剂的反应中,选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为添加剂制备棒状纳米氧化锌粒子的效果优于聚乙二醇(PEG-4000)。其中当乙酸锌与CTAB的摩尔比为1:0.2时可以得到平均直径约为50~75nm的棒状纳米氧化锌;当乙酸锌与聚乙二醇(PEG-4000)的摩尔比为1:0.005时可得到平均直径约30~70nm的棒状纳米氧化锌。在以有机物乙二胺和三乙醇胺为添加剂的反应中,三乙醇胺改变纳米氧化锌形貌的效果更为显著,当乙酸锌与三乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.5时可得到平均直径约40nm、平均长度约2000 nm的细长棒状纳米氧化锌。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sol-gel process was used to synthesize nano-ZnO by using zinc acetate dihydrate、oxalic acid dehydrate and ethanol as raw materials. The effects of different additives such as inorganic compound、organic compound and surfactant on morphology of nano-ZnO were studied . Meanwhile , the possible function of every kind of additive in the formation of rod-like nano-ZnO and the growth mechanism and reason of rod-like nano-ZnO were also dicussed in the paper. The compositions and morphologies of the products have been characterized by XRD and TEM.The results showed that the inorganic compound、organic compound and surfactant all have contributed to the nano-ZnO particals translating from spherical shaped to rod-like shaped in the process of the sol-gel synthesis, and the size and morphology of nano-ZnO varied with the kind and amount of additives. The results also showed that the Inorganic compound、organic compound and surfactant have different effects on the morphologies of nano-ZnO. The effects of organic compound and surfactant are more significant than that of the inorganic compound. While the effects of inorganic compound were confined. When adding surfactant to the reactive system in the process of the sol-gel synthesis, CTAB played more important role than PEG-4000. If add CTAB to the zinc acetate dehydrate with 1:0.2 in molar proportion, the spherical nano-ZnO turned into rod-like nano-ZnO with 50~75nm in diameter; If add PEG-4000 to the zinc acetate dehydrate with 1:0.005 in molar proportion, the rod-like nano-ZnO with 30~70nm in diameter have obtained. When adding ethylenediamine and triethamolamine to the reactive system in the process of the sol-gel synthesis, triethamolamine played more important role than ethylenediamine. If add triethamolamine to the zinc acetate dihydrate with 1:0.005 in molar proportion, the spherical nano-ZnO turned into rod-like nano- ZnO with about 40nm in diameter and 2000nm in length.更多还原