【作者】 黄维友；

【导师】 刘健；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 林学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生态脆弱性是在特定自然、经济、社会条件下，人类在开发、利用自然过程的综合体现。随着社会、经济迅速的发展，资源不足、生态环境承载力已成为制约人类与自然和谐发展的主要因素之一。福建省闽江流域是福建省的重要经济建设区，流域的生态环境质量对福建省的经济发展、社会进步起着重要作用。鉴于生态脆弱性成因的复杂性及闽江流域生态环境的现实情况，本研究以闽江流域生态脆弱性为研究对象，从闽江流域的自然因素和社会综合表现等方面，分析流域生态环境脆弱性成因，构建流域生态脆弱性评价指标体系，存此基础通过GIS的数据标准化处理，建立基于GIS技术闽江流域生态环境脆弱性各指标体系的属性库，通过GIS的空间主成分分析方法，采用综合指数法实现闽江流域生态环境脆弱性的评价，为闽江流域的生态环境建设提供重要的理论参考和指导作用。本研究的主要结论如下：(1)闽江流域生态脆弱性主要是受自然环境因素、人为因素共同作用的结果。研究借鉴前人的研究成果，结合闽江流域生态脆弱的内在因素，构建了以生态脆弱性评价指标体系为目标层，自然成因与结果成因为准则层，21个指标为指标层的闽江流域生态脆弱性评价指标体系。(2)将各评价因子及相关指标数据通过GIS建立属性库，利用GIS的数据处理助能实现各数据的标准化处理，并生成了各评价指标因子的专题图层，通过分析和叠加建立闽江流域以县为单位的评价单元。研究利用GIS的空间主成分分析方法和归一化处理，较好地确定出评价指标体系中各评价因子的权重。(3)利用聚类分析法，将闽江流域29个县市的生态脆弱度划分为三类，同时结合闽江流域生态脆弱性表现特征及变化规律，并参考前人对区域生态脆弱性研究的成果，将闽江流域的生态脆弱性划为四个等级，以此评价闽江流域的生态脆弱性。结果表明，闽江流域中的古田、闽清、永泰、大田、松溪、政和等6个县为闽江流域生态脆弱第三类区，属严重或比较严重脆弱。(4)建立脆弱度综合评价模型，对闽江流域29个县市的生态脆弱性状况进行评定，研究结果表明，闽江流域生态脆弱度的总平均值为0.5012，且各县市的脆弱度差异不太明显，其中最大的脆弱度值为0.6239，最小的脆弱度值为0.4014，属中度脆弱。(5)根据评价结果，本论文提出了降低闽江流域生态脆弱度的建议，即要通过政策制度、调整产业结构，大力发展工业，尽量减少以消耗森林资源、植被为基础的单一的农业发展模式，缓解生态脆弱性，保证闽江流域生态环境综合开发与可持续利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fragile environment is the result formed by the exploration and the utility of the natural resource under the specific natural, economical, social conditions. As the development of the social and the economical, the insufficiency of resource and the capability of the ecology was the main factors which handled the development between the human and the nature. Minjiang watershed is an important economical area whose ecological environment played a very important role on the development of the economy and the society in Fujian Province. The causes of ecological fragility in Minjiang watershed was analyzed based on the comprehension of the ecological fragility and the facts of the ecological fragility of Minjiang watershed. The index system which would estimate the ecological fragility was established in this thesis. The fragile database was established with the help of the normal data procession based on GIS. The ecological fragility of Minjiang watershed was evaluated by the comprehensive index with the help of the principal component analysis and this would provide important strategies for the conduction of the ecological environment in Minjiang watershed. The main results :1 .The fragility of Minjang watershed were caused by the natural and the personal factors. The evaluate system of fragile indexes was established with the help of the former research production and the internal causes of the ecological fragility of Minjiang watershed. The system had contained the objection, the rule and 21 indexes.2.The evaluated cell was established based on county area with the help of the analysis and the overlay of the thematic maps which were built by GIS and the standardizing data. The weigh of each index was assured under the principal component analysis and the normal procession by GIS technology.3.The 29 counties of Minjiang watershed was classified into 3 sorts with the help of the clump method. The fragility of Minjiang watershed was divided into 4 grades based on the clump result, the former researched production and the rule and the character of the fragility in the area. The results showed that Gutian, Minqing, Yongtai, Datian, Shonxi and Zhenghe county were classified as the third sort which was serious or quite serious fragility.4.The ecological fragility of the 29 counties in Minjiang watershed were evaluated by the model which was built in this thesis. The results show that the average fragility was 0.5012 and there were less differences among of the county in Minjiang watershed which was belong the medium fragility and the most severity was 0.6239 and the lest severity was 0.4014.5.The advice that would improve the ecological environment were provided in this thesis such as strategies, adjusting the industry frame and decreasing more domain which always consume the wood resources. These propose would decrease the fragile pressure and guarantee the sustainable development of the ecological environment in Minjiang watershed.更多还原