【作者】 李秀峰；

【导师】 林金科； 郑金贵；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 茶学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 茶叶农药残留影响出口创汇，影响人体健康。本研究以福建省武夷山茶叶科学研究所和安溪县茶叶科学研究所乌龙茶种质资源圃的资源为试验材料，将目前部分乌龙茶中超标的4种化学农药(联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和优乐得)喷施于茶树，采摘鲜叶，并加工成干茶，烘干固样。用气相色谱法分析检测4种农药的残留量，从中筛选出抗农药残留的乌龙茶特异资源，在此基础上，从叶片形态学和解剖学方面初步研究了低农药残留量的乌龙茶资源的抗农残机制；同时对4种农药在茶树上的田间自然降解动态和农药在茶叶加工过程中的降解率进行了研究。主要研究结果如下：1．筛选出抗联苯菊酯、抗甲氰菊酯、抗氯氰菊酯和抗优乐得残留的乌龙茶特异资源各5，4，3和7份。2．联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和优乐得在铁观音鲜叶中的半衰期分别为6d、5d、4d和4d，在武夷肉桂鲜叶中分别为7d、4d、3d和5d。3．乌龙茶加工过程中，联苯菊酯的降解率在10.72％～53.47％，平均为25.59％；甲氰菊酯的降解率在9.09％～99.45％，平均为36.07％；氯氰菊酯的降解率在21.59％～92.23％，平均为43.53％；优乐得的脾解率在16.67％～100％，平均为41.84％。研究表明，不同乌龙茶品种不同农药在加工过程中的降解率存在一定的差异。4．茶树品种对农药残留的抗性与叶尖形状、锯齿对数、角质层厚／栅栏组织厚的值、角质层厚／海绵组织厚的值、上表皮厚／角质层厚的值、下表皮厚／角质层厚的值有密切关系。抗农残的茶树资源具有如下特征：叶尖急尖、锯齿对数多、角质层与栅栏组织厚度之比低、角质层与海绵组织厚度之比低、上表皮与角质层厚度之比高、下表皮与角质层厚度之比高；反之为高农残的茶树资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pesticide residues in tea influence on consumer health and impact earning foreign exchange. Utilizing oolong tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.)O.Kuntze) in the Oolong Tea Variety Garden of Fujian WuYiShan and AnXi Tea Research Institute as materials, 4 pesticides (bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and buprofezin) which presently exceed MRL in some oolong tea, were sprayed on experiment tea trees, the tea new shoots were plucked and processed, and their pesticide residue contents were determined and analyzed by gas chromatography. The cultivars or lines with pesticide-resistance had been screened, and the relative resistance mechanism was studied by the appearance and anatomical structure on tea leaves. At the same time, the natural degradation dynamics of 4 pesticides on tea new shoots as well as the degradation rate of 4 pesticides during oolong tea processing were studied. The main results were as follows:1. The oolong tea plant cultivars or lines with pesticide-resistance had been screened (bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and buprofezin of 5, 4, 3 and 7,respectively).2. The half-lives of 4 pesticides in Tieguanyin tea new shoots were 6d, 5d, 4d and 4d, respectively. In Wuyirougui tea new shoots, 7d, 4d, 3d and 5d, respectively.3. In oolong tea processing the degradation rate of bifenthrin was 10.72%～53.47%, averaged 25.59%. Fenpropathrin, 9.09%～99.45%, averaged 36.07%. Cypermethrin, 21.59%～92.23%, averaged 43.53%. Buprofezin, 16.67%～100%, averaged 41.84%. Results show: the degradation rates in oolong tea processing revealed quite differently in both 5 cultivars suitable to Oolong tea and 4 pesticides.4. The resistance of tea plant varieties to pesticide correlates with leaf tine, saw tooth, ratio of cutin layer/palisade tissue, ratio of cutin layer/spongy tissue, ratio of upper epidermis/cutin layer and ratio of lower epidermis/cutin layer. The tea plant varieties with pesticide-resistance had characters as follows: sharp leaf tine, more saw tooth, low ratio of cutin layer to palisade tissue, low ratio of cutin layer to spongy tissue, high ratio of upper epidermis to cutin layer and high ratio of lower epidermis to cutin layer. And the tea plant varieties with high pesticide residue content reversed.更多还原