【作者】 李梅婷；

【导师】 张绍升；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 植物病理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题对香蕉微生态进行初步研究，调查了香蕉的真菌区系和放线菌区系，从香蕉根、球茎、假茎、叶片和果实等组织中获得内生真菌154株22个属，以镰刀菌(Fusarium)和炭疽菌(Colletotrichum)为优势菌群，内生放线菌2株2个属，链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和小多孢菌属(Micropolyspora)；从香蕉根际土壤中获得真菌206株21个属，以拟青霉(Paecilomyces)、毛霉(Mucor)和镰刀菌为优势菌群，根际放线菌94株9个属，其中链霉菌为优势菌群．研究结果表明香蕉内生真菌的分布具有器官特异性，根和茎组织内以镰刀菌为主，叶和果皮组织内以炭疽菌为主。香蕉微生态与香蕉病害的关系，着重研究了内生炭疽菌与香蕉炭疽病，内生尖镰孢(F．oxysporum)与香蕉枯萎病，根际真菌与根结线虫病的相关性。形态学和培养性状鉴定结果，香蕉炭疽病菌与香蕉内生炭疽菌均属芭蕉炭疽菌(Colletotrichum musae)。通过对香蕉果实接种试验证明，香蕉内生炭疽菌对香蕉果实具有致病性，由此推断香蕉内生炭疽菌为香蕉炭疽病的潜伏侵染菌源．通过形态学、培养性状、营养体亲和性测定、拮抗试验和致病性测定，确定香蕉内生镰刀菌为非致病菌，与香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．cubense)之间存在一定的竞争作用。从香蕉内生真菌及其根际土壤真菌中筛选出对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)卵有寄生性的粉红粘帚霉(Gliocladium roseum)。本研究较为系统地探明了香蕉的真菌和放线菌区系结构，明确了这种微生物区系与香蕉病害的关系；研究结果为香蕉病害的微生态防治提供了理论基础；为香蕉炭疽病和香蕉枯萎病的检测与防治提供了新的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subject studied the microbial ecology of banana and investigated the floras of fungi and actinomycetes. One hundred and fifty-four isolates, twenty-two genera of endophytic fungi were isolated from the tissues of roots, bulbs, pseudo-stems, leaves and fruits of banana. Fusarium and Colletotrichum were the dominant populations. In addition, there were two isolates, two genera of endophytic actinomycetes, Streptomyces and Micropolyspora. Two hundred and six isolates, twenty-one genera of fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of banana. The dominant populations were Paecilomyces, Mucor and Fusarium. Furthermore, there were ninety-four isolates, nine genera of rhizosphere actinomycetes, Streptomyces was the dominant population. The results suggested that the endophytic fungi had specific selection to organs of banana. Fusarium was fined in the tissues of roots, bulbs and pseudo-stems and Colletotrichum was fined in the tissues of leaves and peels of banana.Study of the relation between microbial ecology of banana and banana diseases, focused on the relationship between endophytic Colletotrichum and banana anthracnose, endophytic F. oxysporum and banana panama disease, rhizosphere fungi and root knot nematode .Both the pathogen of banana anthracnose and endophytic Colletotrichum were identificated as C. musae by morphology and cultural characters. Inoculation tests showed the pathogenicity of endophytic Colletotrichum to banana, so that endophytic C. musae was inferred the latent infectious pathogen of banana anthracnose.Morphology, cultural characters, vegetative compatibility, antagonistic tests and virulence tests indicated that endophytic Fusarium was nonpathogenic fungus, there was certain competition between the endophytic Fusarium and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.A strain of Gliocladium roseum was screened from the isolates of endophytic fungi and rhizosphere fungi of banana, the fungus had parasitism to eggs of Meloidogyne incognita.Flora structures of fungi and actinomycetes of banana were probed systematically. Relation between this kind of microflora and banana diseases was also defined. The results provided the theoretic basis for microbial ecological control of banana diseases and offered new foundation detecting and controlling banana anthracnose and banana panama disease.更多还原