【作者】 彭琴；

【导师】 林昌虎； 何腾兵；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤中钾素是植物生长必需的营养元素之一，它具有激活多种酶的活性、提高光合速率、促进物质合成、增强作物抗逆性等功能。本文通过对贵州喀斯特山区不同石漠化等级土壤不同形态钾素变异特征进行研究，得出结果如下：(1)贵州喀斯特山区表层土壤中全钾、缓效钾、速效钾含量随石漠化程度加剧而逐渐减少，从无石漠化→无明显石漠化→潜在石漠化→轻度石漠化→中度石漠化→强度石漠化土壤中全钾含量分别是15、11、9、7、6、3g／kg，缓效钾含量分别是200、152、131、110、91、77mg／kg，速效钾含量是97、89、83、71、62、36mg／kg；(2)在西部地区不同石漠化等级土壤在垂直断面上全钾含量从上至下逐渐增加，缓效钾和速效钾含量变化趋势不明显。在西南部土壤中速效钾、缓效钾、全钾含量在无石漠化等级中从上至下成下降趋势，其余石漠化等级中各形态钾垂直断面上变化不大；(3)在西部地区不同石漠化等级表层土壤中全钾、缓效钾、速效钾含量从无石漠化→无明显石漠化→轻度石漠化→中度石漠化→强度石漠化逐渐减少，在西南地区、东北部地区、中部地区不同形态钾含量随石漠化程度的加剧而逐渐减少。在西南地区耕作土与自然土相比，土地生产力有下降趋势：(4)在相同石漠化等级土壤中不同形态钾含量在东北部地区最高，其次是西部地区、西南部、中部；在农用地中不同形态钾含量东北部＞西南部＞西部；(5)贵州喀斯特地区土壤中不同形态钾素与岩石裸露率、坡度成反比关系、与植被覆盖率、土被覆盖率、土壤根系状况、土壤中动物的多少成正比关系：(6)在贵州喀斯特山区土壤全钾与粉粒、有机质为显著正相关关系，与砂粒为显著负相关关系，与粘粒、CEC、氮素、磷素、交换性钙镁相关性不明显：(7)缓效钾与有机质、CEC为极显著正相关关系，与粘粒、粉粒、砂粒、氮素、磷素、交换性钙镁相关性不明显；(8)速效钾与有机质、CEC、全氮、速效磷为极显著正相关关系，与碱解氮为显著相关关系，与土壤粘粒、粉粒、砂粒、交换性钙镁相关性不明显。对贵州喀斯特山区不同石漠化等级土壤不同形态钾素变异特征进行研究，总结出贵州喀斯特山区石漠化土壤在石漠化分级分类中土壤钾素的性状特征和变异规律；并通过对土壤中钾素的评价，归纳总结出喀斯特山区土壤钾亏缺状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 The studying based on different Guizhou karst rocky desertification mountain grades potassium variation of the soil characteristics of different forms. The initial conclusion is as follows:(1) In the Karst rocky desertification mountainous areas of Guizhou, total potassium available potassium; slowly release potassium with rocky desertification and gradually decreasing. From obvious rocky desertification, latent rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification to serious rocky desertification total potassium content is 15、11、9、7、6、3g/kg, available potassium is 200、152、131、110、91、77mg/kg, slowly release potassium is97、89、83、71、62、36mg/kg;(2) Rocky desertification soil at different levels in the western region on the entire vertical section under a gradual increase from the total potassium content, available potassium; slowly release potassium changes are not so obvious. In southwestern soil total potassium available potassium; slowly release potassium in the top-down hierarchy of Rocky into a downward trend;(3) Rocky in the western region of different grades Available potassium; slowly release potassium ; total potassium content of the soil surface From obvious rocky desertification→latent rocky desertification→mild rocky desertification→moderate rocky desertification→serious rocky desertification decrease gradually. In the southwest region, the north-eastern region the central region of the different forms of potassium content Rocky degree aggravated gradual reduce. Arable land and the natural soil in the southwestern areas, the downward trend in the productivity of land;(4) Rocky desertification grades in the same soil potassium forms in the north-eastern region, followed by the western region, southwestern Central; Potassium content in different forms of agricultural land northeast >Southwest >west;(5) Karst areas in Guizhou different forms of potassium in soil and rocks exposed rate was inversely related to slope, and vegetation cover, coverage by soil, the soil root system, the soil is proportional to the number of animals;(6) Karst areas in Guizhou and silt soil potassium, and organic matter to a significant positive correlation between as a significant negative correlation with grit, with the clay, CEC, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable Ca, Mg, not so relevant;(7) Slow-release potassium and organic matter, as a significant positive correlation between CEC and clay, silt, sand, nitrogen, phosphorus, There was no significant correlation of exchangeable calcium and magnesium;(8) Potassium and organic matter, CEC, nitrogen and phosphorus to significantly positive correlation between nitrogen and alkali solution for the significant correlation between and the clay, silt, sand, exchangeable Ca, Mg, not so relevant.Karst rocky desertification potassium of different levels soil morphological variation of characters, Karst Rocky desertification soil in the desertification classification category potassium Characters and Variation .And through the soil potassium evaluation summarized karst mountain soil potassium deficiency situation.更多还原