多功能纳米阻燃抗菌材料

【作者】 杨玲玲；

【导师】 陈桐；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在高性能材料日益发展的今天，材料的多功能性已经逐渐成为一种新兴的有待开发的行业。而其中最接近大众需求当中，阻燃和抗茵在各功能中日益突出。纳米阻燃抗菌技术亟待更深层次的研究。本文在比较各种传统阻燃和抗菌材料添加的基料后，认为在新型材料当中应用较多的高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）是适宜作为纳米材料的基体添加。在大量的文献检索及实验比较中发现纳米级的TiO₂可以满足以上传统助剂所不能满足的要求，而且作为单一添加剂，对各项添加条件也有所简化。由于纳米粒子添加到高分子聚合物当中时容易团聚，本试验中纳米TiO₂颗粒表面用大分子分散剂TAS处理，解决了该问题，制成了TAS／TiO₂／HIPS纳米阻燃材料。考察了TiO₂添加到HIPS后阻燃材料的阻燃效果，及其对HIPS的力学性能影响。确定了纳米TiO₂的添加量。由于比较单一的纳米TiO₂在黑暗条件下杀菌效果不好，实际测试了在可见光条件下的抗菌性能，与黑暗情况下进行了比较，发现其抗菌效果不理想的结果。为解决此问题，综合文献资料，本文继续研究了载银纳米的TiO₂的制备，具体做法是在材料表面再沉积少量的纳米级银。镀膜技术的各项数据包括：载银纳米TiO₂的制备；Ag-TiO₂膜的表征；镀膜法材料表面的硬度：镀膜厚度与功能性的比较。在各项数据都符合日常材料的使用要求后，继续检测抗菌材料的抑菌功能。由以上检测实验得出在HIPS中添加通过表面化学改性的纳米TiO₂和表面镀膜Ag-TiO₂的新型纳米阻燃抗菌材料，是一种阻燃剂添加后不影响材料力学性能的，同时在黑暗情况下抑菌效果无差异的新型多功能复合材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanometer compound material is a new material which takes the nanometer particles in stead of the common abio-filling with the polymers. For the tiny size and tensiometric property effect of the nanometer particles can adorn the inner defects of the polymer and reduce the inner rudimental active group to improve the strength, toughness, resistance to ageing and the heat resisting property.The HIPS is considered tobe the ideal material of the nanometer base in this article. The nanometer TiO₂ could satisfy the require that the traditional commodity chemicals couldn’t, as a single commodity chemical the TiO₂ requests the easier conditions. The addition of the TiO₂ can make the inflaming retarding and mechanical property mixture ratio comes the best. The bacteriostasis properbility of the nanometer TiO₂ can’t reach the ideal effects. After the experiments the Ag carrying as a new technique of metallic-membrane plating can resolve the problems. When the content of the Ag is 2% the bacteriostasis effects is the best.Because of the reunion of the nanometer particle, It refers to the superficial treatment of the nanometer TiO₂ particles with the TAS and the inflaming retarding effects of the composite material and the influence to the mechanical property.For the pure TiO₂ membrane can bacteriostatic, there were some experiments which compared the bacteriostatic effect under light with no light. The preparation method of the Ag carrying nanometer TiO₂ and the 1% Ag content makes the best. The thickness of the Ag-TiO₂ film and bacteriostatic property’s relative obtain the Ag-TiO₂ film is a new kind of bacteriostat which resolves the shortcoming that can’t bacteriostatic as the prospective results while lacking of the light. This material can be used as a new multifunctional one that has the ability on inflaming retarding and bacteriostatic.更多还原