【作者】 鞠瑾；

【导师】 陈玉成； 唐运平；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类社会和工业经济的不断发展，自然资源的过度开发破坏了原本十分脆弱的水生态系统。由于长期忽视对废水的处理与再用，大量的污染物质进入天然水体，使已严峻的淡水资源形势更加雪上加霜。国内外的实践经验表明，将二级出水经过再生处理后用于城市景观水体的补充水源，既减少了排放到自然环境中的污染物，维护了自然环境，又明显缓解城市的缺水问题、提高水资源综合利用率，而且可以满足城市对于娱乐性水环境的需求。目前，越来越多的研究工作着重于对提高再生水水质的方法及其效果的研究。天津十分重视城市水环境治理与改善，特别是开发区将可再生的污水列为未来发展的战略资源，积极开展污水资源化示范工程和以水景观、水生态为主要内容的基础设施的建设。泰达再生水景观河道的建设结合了当地的资源条件和水环境特点，采用再生水为河道补水的唯一水源，将城市水生态环境改善和城市再生水利用、景观环境建设有效结合。本论文主要研究泰达再生水景观河道水体中氮、磷营养盐的净化处理效果及中试试验中8个不同生态净化单元对再生水体中氮、磷营养盐净化效果的影响。前者通过对整个河道不同位置所取得的水样进行定量分析，了解从进水到出水，氮磷营养盐在河道的浓度变化，分析河道对营养盐的净化效果；后者将河道中所应用的不同净化工程技术分离并单独设置，比较不同净化单元对再生水的净化效果。试验验证了经过优化组合净化工程技术后的景观河道的水质净化功能，为所选工程方案提供比较真实的生态修复和水质净化预测效果，并为河道的运行管理提供依据。主要研究结果如下：（1）各植物复合湿地床的氮去除率高于单纯的生态砾石床、沉水植物及无饵养鱼净化池，净化处理系统对河道进水中的氮负荷变化具有较强的缓冲能力。不同植物湿地床之间以香蒲的除氮效果最佳，美人蕉对氮的去除效果最差，且进水中硝态氮含量的高低对挺水植物床的净化效果并无明显的影响。（2）除空白池外的各生态净化单元中，以香蒲复合湿地床对总磷及磷酸盐的去除效果最好，也最为稳定，平均去除率分别为72.2％和79.2％。美人蕉复合湿地床及无饵养鱼对总磷及磷酸盐的去除效果最差，平均去除率为51％和60％。其它生态净化单元去除效果居中。（3）不同进水浓度条件下，各单元池及景观河道系统运行稳定，尤其是景观河道具有较强的缓冲能力。各单元池及景观河道均表现出对NO₃-N去除效果最好、对TN的去除效果次之、对NH₃-N去除效果最差的特征。（4）从河道水体中营养盐的空间分布上看，水体中的营养盐浓度均沿河道水流方向依次降低，水质的净化是一个沿河道纵向逐步推进的过程。研究期间，随着河道进水中总氮和硝氮浓度增加，其去除率也逐渐增加。河道水体中总氮和硝态氮的平均去除率分别为63.7％和92.7％，总磷及磷酸盐的平均去除率分别为64.6％和83.4％。河道水体中硝态氮和磷酸盐含量的多少与净化效果将直接影响水体中总氮和总磷的含量。（5）在河道内水生植物的生长情况、生长位置，对其地上部的氮磷吸收量没有明显的影响。河道对氮磷营养盐的净化效果与植物的生长周期与微生物的生理活性密切相关，具有明显的季节性。论文指出了研究中的不足之处以及有待于进一步解决的问题，同时对今后的研究方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continued development of human society and economy, the overexploitation of natural resource damaged the fragile water ecosystem. As a result of neglecting, the treatment and reuse of wastewater for a long period of time, large amounts of pollutants get into the natural water, making the freshwater polluted. Domestic and abroad practical experience indicate that making reused water as the source of urban landscape waters not only redused the discharge of pollutant, supported a natural environment ,but also abate the water-shortage in cities, advanced the utilization rate of water resources and satisfied the need of the water for the amusement in city.Tianjin attaches importance to control and improvement of water environment. In TEDA, Reused water is ranked as strategic resources for development. More efforts have been maked in sewage recycling project and the infrastructure construction whose main contents are water landscape and water ecosystem. The construction for Tianjin TEDA Landscape River, which uses reclaimed water as the only water source, not only considered the availability of local resources and the water environment conditions, but also integrated the urban water environment improvement with the reclaimed water uses and the urban landscape construction.This paper mainly focuses on the studies of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the TEDA high salty landscape river with reclaimed river as only water source, and the eight pilot ecological purification pools with different vegetations. The former shows the concentration changes and removal effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus,by quantitative analysis with water samples of different position in TEDA Landscape River. The latter shows the advantages and disadvantages of different pilot ecological purification technology.The experiment results show the water quality purification function of the TEDA landscape river, offer the forecasting result of the ecological rehabilitation and water purification for engineering project, and provided foundation for operation and management of the landscape river.The key testing results are summarized as follows:（1）The Aquatic Macrophytes complex wetlands, with Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel, Canna indica, Cyperus iria L., and Typha australlis respectively, have higher nitrogen removal efficiencies than other kinds of purification pools, such as ecological gravel bed, macrophyte and purification fishing ponds. For the complex wetlands, the Typha australlis system has the best performance, and the Canna indica poorest. The influent nitrate concentration has no influence on the efficiency of nitrate removal by the Macrophyte beds.（2） In this study, the Typha australlis wetland has the highest removal efficiency to the total phosphorus and orthophosphate, with the average removal rates of 72.2% and 79.2% respectively. In contrast, the removal rates of total phosphorus and orthophosphate in the Canna indica wetland system were only 51% and 60%, which are the lowest in all of the purification pools.（3） The TEDA landscape river and the purification pools under varying influent concentrations have steady performances and similar purification characteristics, that’s high removal rates of nitrate, moderate removal of total nitrogen and lower removal of ammonia nitrogen. The landscape river has a better resistance to the pollutant load change.（4）From spatial distribution, the concentration of nutrient in the TEDA river decreased gradually along the water flow. The removal rates of TN and NO₃-N increased gradually with the increase of influent TN and NO₃-N concentration. The average removal rates of TN and NO₃-N were 63.7% and 92.7%. The average removal rates of TP and PO₄³-P were 64.6% and 83.4%. The content of TN and TP in the TEDA river were directly influenced by the concentration of NO₃-N and PO₄³-P and the purification performances.（5） The nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of the aboveground parts of the plants were not obviously influenced by the growth status and locations of the aquatic plants in TEDA river. The removal of nutrient in river channel which is closely related with the growth period of plants the physiological activity of microorganisms show obvious seasonally.What’s more, the paper points out some shortcomings of the research and problems for further research, make prospect to the research direction for the future.更多还原