【作者】 薛红宏；

【导师】 晏奎；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】雷祖威《爱的痛苦》中第二代美国出生华裔的生存状态

【摘要】 华裔美国文学作家雷祖威(David Wong Louie，1954—)与谭恩美、任璧莲、李健孙一起，被评论界称为“四人帮”；国内评论界也称他为当代华裔美国文学小说界的“七大台柱”之一。雷祖威从二十世纪七十年代开始发表作品，他的小说在美国被给予很高的评价。《爱的痛苦》是雷祖威发表的第一部小说集。小说一经发表就成为当时的畅销书之一，国内外的评论都极高。国外学者对《爱的痛苦》的研究主要可以归结为两类：一部分学者对小说中人物种族身份的不确定性饶有兴趣，因此从读者接受的角度来分析他的作品。另一部分学者则用怪异理论解读小说中华裔男性与白人女性之间的恋爱、婚姻关系，因为几乎小说集中每个故事都以一名华裔男性与白人女性关系的开始或终结为开篇。国内关于雷祖威《爱的痛苦》的研究不是很多。因为与别的华裔作家的作品相比较，雷祖威作品中的族裔性被认为是弱化，非常不明显的。这些研究主要可分为三部分：一部分致力于对雷祖威本人以及他的作品的介绍；另一部分主要是关于小说中的人物分析；还有一部分学者集中对作品做主题分析。但事实上，雷祖威作品中隐含的族裔性主题无处不在。小说中处处充满了两代华裔，以及华裔与白人主流社会的冲突。本论文划分了小说集中包含的三类冲突：华裔男性与白人爱侣间的冲突；第一代移民父母与第二代出生成长在美国的移民子女的冲突；以及华裔美国人与美国主流社会的冲突。通过关注这三类冲突并分析冲突背后的深层次原因，揭示在美国出生成长的第二代华裔美国人的生存状态。论文除绪论和结论共三章。绪论部分是对以往评论家关于《爱的痛苦》所做的研究加以综述。第一章对小说中体现的华裔男性与白人女性之间的冲突进行概括并分析背后原因。这部分进而分为两个小节，涵盖了两个主题：阉割，错位。与白人女性建立恋爱婚姻关系象征着在美国出生的华裔男性想要同化于白人主流社会的愿望，然而这种跨种族的性别关系都以华裔男性遭遗弃或者悲剧结束，象征他们同化于主流社会的愿望无法实现。第二章对小说中体现的第一代华裔移民和他们在美国出生成长的子女之间的冲突进行概括并分析背后原因。由于第一代华裔移民大多都是成年之后移民美国，再加上他们当时受到的严厉的法律政策压迫，他们对美国主流文化的态度抗拒多于接纳，往往保留对中国传统文化的继承并希望传给他们的下一代。但第二代美国出生的华裔从小接受美国教育，已经内化了白人社会的价值标准，父母的世界对他们来说是遥远不可理解的。他们把美国当作自己的家园，但是来自白人主流社会的排斥、歧视和来自父母的压力使他们产生了身份危机。这部分主要讨论两代之间由于对家庭、婚姻持有不同的看法，以及由于语言障碍而引起的冲突。第三章讨论小说中体现出来的由于种族歧视导致的第二代美国出生的华裔与美国白人的冲突。在分析原因时，从华裔种族歧视的历史开始，指出在华裔移民历史上，他们被白人主流社会视为永远的他者和异族。通过一系列分析，本文认为，由于种族歧视和与移民父母的代沟问题，第二代在美国出生的华裔想要同化于白人主流社会的愿望仅仅只是一个梦想。更多还原

【Abstract】 David Wong Louie (1954- ), together with Amy Tan, Gish Jen, and Gus Lee are named as "the Gang of Four". Besides, he is also given the title as one of the backbones in the present Asian American fiction field. He started to publish works in the 1970s, and his fictions have a high reputation in America. Pangs of Love, his first collection of short stories, is highly valued and remains one of the best sellers.Overseas critics are interested in the ambiguity of the characters’ identities and pay attention to Louie’s nearly all male protagonists and their relationship with White women, so their researches can be mainly divided into two parts: those using a reader reception perspective, and those using a queer theory. However, their researches are mostly based on just one story from the collection. In China, researches on Louie’s Pangs of Love are quite scarce, because compared with the writings of other Asian American writers, the ethnicity in his works is considered not obvious, for characters in his fictions are usually with an ambivalent and ambiguous identity. However, there appeared numerable studies which, to my understanding, fall into three catalogues: general introductions to David Wong Louie and his works; character analysis; and thematic analysis.But actually the theme of ethnicity is implied and ubiquitous throughout Pangs of Love. Once this is realized, it becomes clear that there exist three kinds of conflicts in Pangs of Love: those between Chinese Americans and their White women; those between immigrant parents and their children who were born in America; and those between Chinese Americans and Americans. My intention in this thesis is to focus on these three kinds of conflicts and, by trying to find out reasons behind these conflicts, to reveal the existential conditions of the second generation Chinese Americans.Besides introduction and conclusion, this thesis consists of three chapters:Chapter One discusses the conflicts between Chinese Americans and their White women. It is further divided into two parts involving two themes: emasculation and displacement. Nearly all the stories begin with the end or the beginning of a relationship between a second generation Chinese American and his White woman partner. The effort to build up a relationship with White women is symbolic of the effort of those Chinese Americans who desire to be assimilated into the mainstream White world, while the end of the relationship indicates their failure to such assimilation.Chapter Two deals with the conflicts between the immigrant parents and their American-born children. In so far as the parents are concerned, because of their Chinese cultural inheritance and the hostility from the White world, they have a rejection attitude towards the mainstream White world and thus have maintained their Chinese cultural heritage. They also hope to transmit this heritage to their American-born children. However, the second generation, or the American-born generation, have internalized the standards and values of the mainstream White world, so that their parents’ world is incomprehensible to them. They consider themselves as Americans, while the repulsion from the mainstream White world and the pressure from their parents cause an identity crisis among them. Thus their conflict is a stinging one. This chapter will mainly focus on the conflicts aroused by their different views about family and marriage as well as language barrier.Chapter Three penetrates into the conflicts between Chinese Americans and Americans. These conflicts are caused by racial prejudice of the White world towards Chinese Americans. It recalls the history of racial prejudice towards Chinese Americans, and the perpetual otherness position and stereotypes of Chinese Americans.A logical conclusion from the discussion of these conflicts is that the hope of the second generation Chinese Americans to be assimilated into the mainstream White world is but a dream with the characteristics of a sheer myth.更多还原