【作者】 廖明英；

【导师】 陈旭；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 高考压力既是影响学生的心理健康的重要因素，又是影响其考试绩效的重要变量。心理学家们从学业压力、考试压力、考前学生心理健康状况、压力应对等方面进行了研究，对高考压力研究不多，对高考压力测量工具、方法和结论也不统一，系统研究高考压力、应对策略及其与考试绩效的关系尤其缺乏。本研究主要采用问卷法收集高考压力源、应对策略的资料。运用访谈法、探索性和验证性因素分析法、方差分析、回归分析和模型建构等多种方法，系统探讨高考压力源、应对策略的结构、特点，并对高考压力、应对策略与考试绩效之间的关系方面进行了探索。本研究分三个部分：高考压力的探索性和验证性分析和特点的探讨；高考压力应对策略的探索性和验证性分析和特点的探讨；高考压力、应对策略及其与考试绩效的关系的探讨。综合本研究，得出如下结论：1．自编的高考压力源问卷和高考压力应对策略问卷，具有可接受的心理测量学指标。2．高考压力源由任务要求压力、父母压力、竞争氛围压力、同伴压力、老师压力、自我目标压力6个因素构成。3．在高考压力源总体得分上不存在学校类型、科目、性别、和家庭来源上的差异，但是学校类型、科目、性别在个别因素上存在极其显著的差异。4．高考压力应对策略是一个二阶二因素一阶七因素结构，包括建立自信、忍耐、白责、自我调节、宣泄、幻想、问题解决等七个一阶因素，积极应对策略和消极应对策略两个二阶因素。5．高考压力应对策略存在学校类型、科目、性别和家庭来源上的差异，特别是在具体因子上存在极其显著的差异。6．结构方程模型表明，高考压力将降低高考成绩，而学生在压力情景中若能够妥善运用积极应对策略则可以有效提高其高考成绩。高压力感受学生能够更敏感地察觉高考压力的存在，并积极寻找积极应对策略使高考压力对考试成绩的影响降低。低压力感受学生则不容易受到高考压力的影响。7．结构方程模型表明，超常发挥学生和发挥失常学生对环境中的高考压力都比较敏感，但是与正常发挥学生一样，超常发挥学生能够更为有效地运用应对策略降低高考压力对考试的负面影响，作到变压力为动力，从而促进考试成绩的提高。综上所述，本研究在以下几个方面有所创新：探索并初步揭示高考压力源、高考压力应对策略的因素结构与特点；初步探讨了高考压力应对策略在高考压力源和高考绩效之间的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pressure in College Entrance Examination has great influence on their psychological health. What is more, it is an important variable to affect their examination results. Some psychologists do some researches on academic stress, pressure in examination, the sources of pressure, the psychological health conditions of Junior and Senior Three and coping strateies. But there are few researches on the Senior Three students’ pressure in examinations and there is no unified measurement in the pressure in examinations. Especially in the systematical research on the relationship between Pressure in College Entrance Examination, coping strategies and examination results.This research collects the materials in source of the pressure and coping strategies through questionnaires. It systematically interprets the source of pressure, structure, and features of coping strategy by interview, variance analysis, regression analysis, model construction and so on. Meanwhile, it explores the relationship between Pressure in College Entrance Examination, coping strategies and examination results. This research consists of three parts. On turn they are: exploring and testifying factor analysis of Pressure in College Entrance Examination and coping strategies; analysis developmental characters of Pressure in College Entrance Examination and coping strategies; Research on the relationship between pressure in college entrance examination, coping strategies and examination results, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The self-edited questionnaires on the pressure source of College Entrance Examination and coping strategies bear the acceptable psychological measurement.2. The pressure source mainly is made up of these six main factors: pressure from the tasks, parents, competitive atmosphere, the peers, the teachers and the students themselves.3. Generally speaking, there is no difference in the type of school, bjects, gender, and the source family, except in some individuals.4. The coping strategies include factors in the first phase, they are: self-confidence, endurance, self-reproach, self-regulation, unbosoming, fantasy, and factors in the second phase: positive coping strategies and negative coping strategies.5. As far as coping strategies are concerned, there are some differences in type of schools subjects, gender, and the family, especially in some individuals.6. The structure model shows that the pressure will decrease the results. However, if the students can well make use of positive coping strategies, the results can be improved.7. The structure model shows that the supernormal students are more sensitive to the pressure. But compared to the normal students, the supernormal students can more effectively make use of the coping strategies to decrease the negative effect of pressure to improve their results.In a word, this research is creative in the following aspects: the exploration in pressure source; the structure and features of coping strategies; and explores the role in coping strategies in pressure source and examination results.更多还原