【作者】 刘艳；

【导师】 马晓迅；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 工业催化， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为煤炭高效清洁利用方法之一的煤气化工艺，因其使用范围广泛，可根据需要得到不同组成的产品气以及可使用多种类型的反应器等优点而备受人们青睐，大量的实验室研究已达到了工业应用的水平。为了进一步提高煤气化效率，降低气化温度，在七十多年前出现了许多有关煤催化气化实验室规模的研究。但到目前为止，煤催化气化尚未应用于任一工业过程，本研究也是基于实验室水平进行的，利用热重分析仪对四种煤的催化气化行为进行了初步的研究。本研究采用了铜川煤、韩城煤、新疆煤和云南煤这四种煤作为实验试样，并使用了三大类共五种催化剂—K₂CO₃、Na₂CO₃、KCl、CaO和复合催化剂（MgSO₄+KCl），采用两种担载方式（等体积浸渍法和机械混合法），将催化剂以不同的浓度担载在这四种煤样上。首先对铜川煤的催化气化行为进行了单独热重分析，再对其他三种煤的催化气化行为先单独进行热重分析再进行综合比较分析，实验结果显示：K₂CO₃和Na₂CO₃作为公认的煤气化最好的催化剂对四种煤都表现出了较高的催化活性，大大提高了煤的气化效率，降低了气化温度，而且随着催化剂的担载量的增加，煤的催化气化效果越显著；KCl催化剂对四种煤气化的催化作用表现次之，而且这四种煤的催化气化效果不受该催化剂担载量的影响；复合催化剂（MgSO₄+KCl）对这四种煤的气化的催化作用不明显，可能是由于复合催化剂中单组分的配比比例不合适，使得复合催化剂的优势没有突现出来：CaO催化剂对四种煤的气化都几乎没有催化作用，其原因可能是由于本研究所采用气化剂CO₂不适合用CaO作为催化剂，或者是由于笔者所采用的担载方式使得Ca²⁺没有充分均匀的分散在煤上造成的。通过对担载催化剂前后的韩城煤，新疆煤和云南煤作气化反应动力学分析，证实了催化剂的加入确实降低了煤的活化能，进一步验证了热重分析结论。研究中发现，不同煤种对不同催化剂都有一定的选择催化性，不同催化剂对韩城煤气化的催化作用差别较大，对云南煤气化的催化作用差别不明显，而且通过分析可以确定的说，除了CaO之外的其他四种催化剂对煤的催化作用确实是作用在煤的气化阶段。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of coal gasification, as one of the high efficient and clean utilization of coal, has been highly favored among many people, because it has several advantages such as wide range of utilization, gained the products of different component according to the need and the reactor of many types can be used. Lots of laboratory studies have reached the level of industrial application, and for the sake of improved the gas efficiency and lowered the temperature of gasification ulteriorly, many laboratory studies about the catalytic gasification of coal were appeared before 70 years. However, to the present, the catalytic gasification of coal has not been applied for any process of industrial production. The research of this paper was also based on the level of laboratory studies, analyzed the catalytic gasification behavior of four different coals elementarily by TGA.Tongchuan coal, Hancheng coal, Xinjiang coal and Yunnan coal were used in this paper, and K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, KCl, CaO and compound catalysis （MgSO₄+KCl） as the catalysis used in coal gasification. Two loaded ways （Volumetric impregnation and Mechanical mixing） were applied in this research, Respectively loaded the five catalysis on the four different types of coals with different concentration . Firstly, the catalytic gasification behavior of Tongchuan coal were analyzed by TG, then the catalytic gasification behavior of other three different types of coals were analyzed synthetically, the results were carried out: K₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃ as the best accepted catalysis of coal gasification showed the high catalytic activity for the four different types of coals, the gasification efficiency was improved and the gasification temperature was reduced mostly, and the efficiency of the catalytic gasification of these coals was improved with increasing of the catalysis concentration; the catalytic activity of KCl was better on these coals, and the efficiency of the catalytic gasification of these coals have no relation with the catalysis concentration; the catalytic activity of compound catalysis （MgSO₄+KCl） was not very good on these coals, the reasons may be the proportion is not fit these coals; CaO has no catalytic activity on these coals, the reasons is that the gasifying agent（CO₂） may not fit CaO catalysis, or the loaded ways made the Ca²⁺ can not dispersed in the coal equably. According to the dynamics analysis of the gasification reaction of Hancheng, Xinjiang and Yunnan raw coal and these coals which loaded catalysis, it was proved that the catalysis could really reduced the activation energy of coal, and proved the results of TG analysis in this paper.It was carried out that different types of coals have different selectivity for different catalysis, and the gap of catalytic activity of different catalysis on Hancheng coal were so large, and oppositely on Yunnan coal, and what’s more, the four types of catalysis except CaO were truly affected the gasification process of these coals.更多还原