中国资源安全的供求分析及其制度创新

【作者】 罗宁；

【导师】 任保平；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 人口资源与环境经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 资源是社会存在与经济发展永不可缺的必需品，是国民经济发展的基石。随着我国经济的快速增长，经济社会发展面临的资源约束矛盾日益明显，已经影响我国全面建设小康社会的战略目标的顺利实现。如何保障国家资源安全、缓解资源约束矛盾成为我国目前所面临的一个极端重要的问题。本文通过阐述经济安全与资源安全的关系，并综合国内学者的研究成果，界定出资源安全的内涵，认为资源安全是指一个国家或地区在不损害环境和自然资源基础的前提下，能够持续、稳定、充分地获取自然资源以满足当地的生产生活需要而又不削弱子孙后代获取自然资源的能力。为了研究方便，把资源安全研究领域限定在耕地资源、水资源、矿产资源和能源资源，并通过论述“资源禀赋稀缺性”、“自然资源对经济发展影响”、“经济发展对资源需求影响”和“资源安全与制度的关系”的理论来阐述资源安全的理论基础。通过对马克思“供给需求理论”和马歇尔的“均衡价格理论”的论述并用其指导分析中国资源安全的供求分析，得出中国资源供求失衡的结论。进一步通过中外生产能耗比较和分析资源供求失衡的原因，得出制度是影响中国资源安全的关键因素。对资源制度现状进行分析，基于正式制度和非正式制度的视角，对中国资源安全问题进行制度经济学阐释，并在分析的基础上提出我国资源安全制度创新的内容及路径选择。资源安全制度创新的内容包括资源产权制度创新、资源使用制度创新、资源核算制度创新、资源贸易战略的调整、资源安全法律制度的创新和资源价值理论和观念创新。路径选择指转变经济增长方式，加快我国产业结构调整和通过科技进步提高我国资源的利用水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The resources are not only the requisite for society existence and development but also the base of national economy development. With the rapid increase of national economy, the problem of shortage resources got more obvious, which had affected our strategic target of constructing a well—off society in all round—way. Therefore how to protect national mineral resources and how to relieve the mineral resources limitation became an important problem with which we had to be confronted.According to the relationship between the economic security and the resource security and the study in our country, the paper defined the connotation of the economic security. The economic security is that we acquire resources continuously, steadily, adequately to satisfy the local production and living demand and not weaken the capability of acquire resources of our descendent. In order to study conveniently, the resource security research is in the field of plantation resource, water resource, mine resource and energy resource. We analyze the academic bases of the resource security of "natural resource scarcity" , "the influence of the natural resource to the economic development" , "the influence of the economic development to the resource security" and "the relationship between resource security and system" . With the "Supply and demand theory" by Marx and "equilibrium price theory" by Marshall, the paper analyzes the supply and demand of the resource security of China. The conclusion is that the demand and the supply is unbalance of China. Then it analyzes the reason of comparison with throughput in and out, and we conclude that institutional is the pacing factor of the resource security of China. Based on the formal and informal system, it explained the resource security by institutional economics. And it put forward the content and the path of the resource security innovation.The resource security institutional innovation contents the resource property right institutional innovation, the resource use institutional innovation, the resource calculation institutional innovation, the resources trade strategy adjustment, the resource security law institutional innovation and the resource value theory and the idea innovation. The path finding refers to the transformation of the economy growth way, speeding up our country industrial structure adjustment and enhancing our resource using level through the advance of science and technology.更多还原