【作者】 朱晓勤；

【导师】 刘康；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 秦岭是我国南北之间的屏障，对气候有着显著的影响，是我国亚热带和暖温带的分界线，是中国中部重要的植被分布区，其区系成分复杂、类型多样、植被分布特点鲜明。秦岭以北属暖温带落叶阔叶林带，以南则属北亚热带类型。要合理地开发利用森林，就应深入研究各植被类型的空间分布及规律，为秦岭地区植被恢复和保育提供科学依据。本研究基于植被与环境的关系这一研究热点，运用植被数量分析方法和地理信息系统技术，对秦岭山地植被进行多元分析，探讨不同植被类型与气温、降水、海拔、坡度和坡向五个环境因子的关系；不同植被类型的主要环境梯度运用CCA数量排序方法，研究该地区植被类型分布与环境梯度之间的关系，有助于全面认识植被的结构和功能特征，掌握秦岭山地植被分布的一般特点，有利于揭示植被与环境的相互关系及影响。主要从以下方面进行研究：1．植被与环境梯度的关系分析表明：海拔梯度是决定植被分布的主导生态梯度，随着海拔的增加，水热因子发生变化，形成水热因子复合梯度，对应的植被类型相应改变。坡度和坡向的分异作用不明显。2．CCA排序结果表明：温度对植被格局影响最大，第1轴与温度显著负相关，与海拔显著正相关，说明第1轴反映了海拔的变异；第2轴与年降水量、坡度和坡向呈负相关，但相关性不显著，降水量比坡度或坡向的单独作用，更具有较好的生态学意义，能部分反映中海拔地段植被对降水的需求。3．CCA排序图较好反映了植被结构梯度，从植被类型来看，沿第1轴，植被类型由高寒草甸向寒温带植被、温性植被、暖温性植被到亚热性植被的过渡，依此将植被分为7个类群，揭示出重要的环境梯度和每一个类群具有其特定的生境特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qinling is the barrier between the north and the south of China, which has a distinct influence on climate. It is the borderline of Semi-tropic zone and Temperature zone in our country, and it is an important zone of vegetation distribution in the middle of China, in which there are complex sections, various types and vivid vegetation distribution characteristics. In the north of Qinling mountain, there distribute defoliation and broad-leaved forests, while in the south of it is northern Semi-tropic woods. In order to exploit and make full use of the forest, we should have a deep research on the various distribute of vegetation types and their rules to the protection and restoration of vegetation in Qinling mountain.Based on the relation of vegetation-environment, which is a hotspot in landscape ecology, vegetation quantity analysis methods and geography information system technique were applied. The research gave a multi-analysis on vegetation in Qinling mountain, and the correlation of different types of vegetation and five environment factors, including temperature, rainfalls, altitude, slope and aspect, is discussed. That will help to understand the configuration and function speciality of vegetation across-the-board, to master the general characteristics of vegetation distribution in Qinling mountain, and benefit to make clear the correlation and interaction of vegetation and environment. The research was done mainly as follow:1. Study on the correlation analysis of vegetation and environment gradientindicated: altitude gradient is the dominant ecological gradient to determine the vegetation distribution. Changes are taken placed with the increasing of altitude. The multiple gradient of water and heat are formed, corresponding types of vegetation transforms as well, functions slope and aspect do not play an evident function in separate.2. The results of CCA ordination made clear that temperature is the most important affection to vegetation in all environment factors. Axis 1 has negative correlation notably with temperature, which has positive correlation notably with altitude. It showed that axis 1 reflects the variation of altitude. Axis 2 has negative correlation with rainfalls, slope and aspect, but the correlation is not remarkable, rainfalls reflects the海拔and for water in the middle altitude of mountain partly, therefore it makes more sense than slope or aspect singly in ecology.3. The chart of CCA ordination reflected the configure gradient of vegetation clearly, along the axis1, the most types of vegetation transit from the cold plants, the cool plants, the mild plants and the warm plants to semitropical plants. According to it, all of the vegetation were divided to seven species groups, opened out the important environment gradient and the very growing environment characteristic of each type of species groups further.更多还原