【作者】 赵晓燕；

【导师】 刘康；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 景观空间格局分析有助于探讨景观格局和生态过程的相互关系，是景观生态学研究的核心问题之一。伴随着西安城市化进程不断加快，城市规模日益扩大，城市形态结构也不断发生变化；城市化深刻改变着一个地区的自然景观，影响城市的生态学过程，进而改变了整个景观格局。与此同时，城市交通、环境污染、居住等问题更加突出。这些问题在一定程度上都影响了城市作为生产、生活环境的适宜性，给城市的可持续发展带来极大的挑战。城市化导致的城市空间无序扩张对城市生态系统功能的影响及其生态学效应，是西安市城市发展迫切需要解决的关键问题之一。西安市城市景观格局的研究，对合理进行土地利用规划和管理，改善城市生态环境具有至关重要的作用。本文以西安市三环以内QuickBird卫星影像为基础，从景观生态学的理论知识出发，在GIS技术的支持下，首先生成多种不同粒度下的景观分类图。通过所选取的景观指数对粒度变化的响应，确定研究区域的适宜研究粒度，对西安市的景观格局现状进行了研究。随后，通过钟楼设立自西向东，自北向南两条样带，将景观指数和梯度分析相结合，精细地研究城市特定区域、特定方向的景观格局，了解城市景观格局的空间特征以及城市化对景观格局的影响，阐明城市总体景观结构的梯度特征，圈层特征。之后，对西安市一二三环之间的景观格局分别进行研究。最后，对西安市景观格局提出优化对策。论文的主要结论如下：1、在本研究中，粒度从5m增加到20m，各景观指数变化很小。当粒度超过80m时，景观之间的差异不明显，景观格局已发生较大的改变，并且所得的结果与实际情况不符。在20m到80m范围内，粒度越小，景观之间的差异越明显。根据各种景观指数对不同粒度变化的敏感性，在避免产生大量庞杂信息但能较好的反映景观的空间异质性的前提下，考虑到基础影像的分辨率限制、解译过程的影响等因素，选择最佳的研究粒度为20m。2、将景观格局指数和梯度分析相结合，表明西安市景观指数从郊区向市中心推进的过程中，在类型水平上和景观水平上都呈现出了明显的梯度性。城市化强烈的区域表现出了高度的景观破碎化和空间复杂性；景观格局梯度分析能够很好的验证城市形态理论，并为城市形态中心的确立提供定量化的依据。研究表明，西安市随着城市化进程的推进，目前仍然呈现出以老城区为中心的单核心城市形态。结合景观指数变化的梯度分析，能更明显的反映出西安市的圈层结构，并且各景观指数在样带上的变化，与一二三环间不同的景观格局有密切关系，在一二三环之间都呈现一定规律性的变化。3、通过西安市整体景观格局和一二三环之间景观格局的研究，得出：从整体来看，西安市居住工业用地集中，人工景观聚集，影响自然生态过程；绿地、水体景观破碎化程度高，分布分散；环城路内景观构成不合理，一二环间各景观类型分布极为不均，二三环间土地利用经济效益和生态效益有很大的发展空间。4、从改造公共空间，调整城市的空间布局与结构，维护景观生态过程与格局的连续性、尊重和保持历史文化特点的角度提出西安市景观格局的优化对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landscape pattern analysis is beneficial to inquire the correlation between the landscape pattern and process. And it is the core problem of the landscape ecology. The rapid urbanization in Xi’an city is changing deeply the natural landscape and affecting the city’s ecology process. Then the whole landscape pattern of the city is changed. At the same time, the problems such as city transportation, pollution of the environment and living environment deteriorated. Those problems reduce the comfort of the city to be the environment of producing and living, and go against sustainable development. The influence to the function of ecosystem and the ecological effect, which is caused by the out-of-order extending of constructed land introduced by urbanization, is the key problem that needs to resolve urgently in Xi’an. The research of city landscape pattern in Xi’an has important meaning to the reasonable proceeding of land-use plan and management, and ameliorating the city ecology and environment.This paper choosed the RS imagery of Three Circles of Xi’an by QuickBird as the research area, combined with the theories of Landscape Ecology and the technology of GIS, the appropriate grain was choosed based on the sensitivity analysis of landscape pattern indices with different grain, and thus the current landscape pattern of Xi’an was analyzed. Some landscape indices were computed along a 16km long and 2km wide west-east transect and another 19km long and 2km wide south-north transect, crossing at the urban center, with a moving window. The landscape gradient analysis could commendably validate the theory of urban form.1、In the research, the grain changed from 5 to 20 metre was tiny. When the grain exceeded 80 metre, the landscape pattern was totally altered, and the results differed from the fact. Between the 20 and 80 metre, the smaller the grain was, the more visible the landscape pattern diversity was. According to sensitivity analysis of landscape pattern indices with different grain, under the precondition of avoiding jumbled data and expressing the special heterogeneity well, the paper take the 20 metre as the appropriate grain.2、Use the landscape indices combined with gradient analysis, the paper showed the landscape indices pulsive process from suburb to the centre of the city, which behaved the obvious gradient trend both on class-level and landscape. The intensive urbanized region manifested the higher landscape fragmentation and complication. The landscape gradient analysis could commendably validate the theory of urban form, also can set gist for the measurement of urban centre. The study showed that, with the further urbanization in Xi’an, the current urban form, which maintains the bell tower as the single centre is unchanged. The gradient analysis which used the landscape indices, can clearly show the annular structure of Xi’an, and the diversification of the landscape indices were related to the different landscapes pattern among the three circles.3、The result indicated that the ecological processing was influenced by the result of conglomeration of artificial landscape, such as: residential area, industrial area; the fragmentation and distribution of green area and water body are high; the landscape structures within the 1st circle were unreasonable, the distribution of landscape types between 1st and 2nd circles are not uniform, the potential of economic and ecological effects of land use within 2nd and 3rd circle are high also.4、The optimization was presented that the improvement of urban space distribution and structure was needed, and the continuity of the landscape ecological processing and pattern should be maintained form the desirable point of view, such as the construction of green area landscape and the protection of the wet land system.更多还原