【作者】 李国昌；

【导师】 牛生杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 大气物理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文基于人工增雨飞机搭载的云粒子探测仪、温湿仪、GPS定位系统等所取得的层状云资料，结合地面卫星和新一代雷达等的常规观测资料，对甘肃省不同季节、不同地区层状云的宏微观结构，如粒子构成、垂直和水平分布等，特别是有降水可能的高层云和层积云，进行了综合分析，给出了层状云的降水效率，并对增雨的潜力进行了评估。具体研究结果如下：1．进行机载探测试验方案的科学设计，结合甘肃实际情况，对飞机增雨催化作业和水平探测、垂直探测、对比观测飞行的航线进行了优化设计，保证了科学作业和有价值资料的采集。2．对2001年10月12日甘肃河西地区降水性层状云进行了探测。根据获取的资料分析了此次降水性层状云的冰雪晶特征。包括不同粒子的分布特性，给出不同温度下的冰雪晶粒子谱，还分析了粒子谱型随温度的变化及其包含的微物理机制。与我国其它地区的冰雪晶浓度比较认为，在一定的云水条件下，甘肃秋季层状云有较大的增雨催化潜力。3．利用2001年9、10月份甘肃中川机场上空5次天气过程的层状云垂直探测资料，分析了秋季Cs-As-Ns和Ac-Sc结构层状云温度，云粒子浓度、粒子直径、液态含水量及云粒子谱的垂直分布特征，用N阶Γ函数对云粒子谱分布进行了拟合，选出最优化拟合参数，并指出逆温层相对于温度0℃层的位置和逆温强弱对云滴的微物理特征的分布和降水形成有显著的影响。4．分析了2002年4月28日一次冷锋天气过程云滴、冰晶等云微物理量的水平、垂直分布，以及谱的特征，确定出最佳谱模拟参数，揭示了其中发生的微物理过程，从微观角度说明了甘肃春季冷锋天气过程层状云的一些特点，讨论了云系的增雨潜力。5．对2002年9月12日甘肃陇东地区的降水云做了探测，结合同期的天气和卫星资料，分析了该地区秋季降水性层状云宏观特征和云中不同尺度云粒子的水平和垂直分布，以及对应的谱分布和云系高空的降水效率。结果表明该地区云系高中云共存，有自然“播种-供应增长”的降水机制，云滴浓度、云水含量和平均直径较小。相比而言雨滴浓度小，尺度较大，降水效率低，具有较好的增雨催化潜力。6．根据秋季一次飞机作业资料，结合同期的天气和卫星资料，分析了这次作业的冷云结构，对作业的可播性做了评估，结果表明75％的时段在强可播区作业，25％在不可播区。云中降水效率低，具有较好的增雨催化潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study based on the stratiform cloud data obtained by PMS, thermo-hydrobarograph and GPS orientation system that hold on manpower add rain plane, combining the general observation data of ground secondary planet and radar and so on. Synthesized analyzed the macro-micro physics structure of stratiform cloud such as particle level and vertical distributing and particle structure in different region around season, altostratus and stratiform cloud of has precipitation potential especially. Opening out the precipitation efficiency of stratiform cloud in Gansu and evaluating the rainfall potential,The main conclusion is as follows:1. Combining the Gansu province practical circs, designed the plane exploring experimentation scheme in scientific,optimize designed the weather modification catalysed task,horizontal exploring airline,vertical exploring airline and the airlines of contrasted observation, ensuring exploring experimentation scheme in reason and collect the count data.2. Explored the precipitation stratiform cloud in Hexi region of Gansu on Oct.12 in 2001. Analyzing the partical ice-snow crysta characteristic of precipitation stratiform cloud. Provided the distributing characteristic of all kinds of partical and the ice-snow crystal spectrum in different temperature, analyzed the change characteristic of partical spectrurn with temperature and its micro-physics mechanism. Compared the ice and snow crystal consistency with the other area in China, in stated precipitation stratiform cloud conditions, stratiform cloud have more add rain catalyze potential on autumn in Gansu province.3. Using the vertical exploring datums of stratiform cloud in Zhong chuan aerodrome on Sept. and Oct. 12 in 2001. Analyzed the temperature of Cs-As-Ns and Ac-Sc stratiform cloud, cloud particle consistency、cloud particle diameter、the content of liquid water and the vertical distributions characteristic of cloud particle spectra, simulated the distributions of cloud particle spectra by N rankΓfunction, select the optimum parameters of simulated spectral function, and point out the location of the inversion temperature layers relative to 0℃layers and the remarkable effect of inversion temperature strong or not on the micro-physical characteristics distributions and form precipitation。4. Analyzed the level changes and vertical distributions characteristic of the cloud drop and ice crystal micro-physics value in the cold front weather process on Apr. 28 in 2002. Confirmed the optimum parameters of simulated spectral, opening out micro-physics process has generant. Explained some characteristic of stratiform, cloud in the cold front weather process in Gansu from microcosmic point of view, discussed the potential of cloud system add rain. 5. Explored the precipitational cloud in the Longdong region of Gansu on Sept. 12 in 2002,analysed the macro-micro physics structure characteristic of precipitational stratiform cloud and the level and the vertical distributions of differ scale cloud particle,discussed the distributions of corresponding spectral and the precipitation efficiency of different cloud system combined the weather and the satellite cloud image of the corresponding period in this region on autumn.The result show that the high and middle clouds may coexistence and have the precipitation mechanism of "seed-provide increase", the cloud drops consistency, liquid water content and average diameter on the small side. Possess preferably catalyse potential if the rain drops consistency of small、relatively scale of greatness and precipitation efficiency of low in this region.6. Based on a airplane task data in autumn, combined the weather and the satellite data in the same term, analysed the structure of cold stratiform cloud and evaluated the seedable. The result show that 75 percent of period of time work in strong seedable region and the other time in unseedable region.The low precipitation efficiency cloud have preferably catalyse potential.更多还原