【作者】 陈锦秀；

【导师】 侯喜林； 薄天岳；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 园艺学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选用上海农业科学院园艺研究所多年选育的结球甘蓝自交系作为杂交试材：003-87(P1)、003-24(P2)、003-10(P3)、003-81(P4)、003-36(P5)、003-29(P6)，采用完全双列杂交遗传交配设计，对21份材料材料的Vc含量、还原糖含量、水分含量、生食风味、粗纤维含量等15个品质性状及相关性状分别进行配合力、遗传力、遗传变异、遗传相关等遗传参数进行分析。试验结果表明：1．结球甘蓝的生食、熟食、综合风味、水分含量、Vc含量、株高、外叶数、开展度、帮叶比、心柱／球高、粗纤维含量11个性状一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差，11个性状的遗传主要受加性基因控制以加性效应为主。11个性状狭义遗传力的大小顺序为综合风味＞生食风味＞熟食风味＞水分含量＞Vc含量＞株高＞外叶数＞开展度＞帮叶比＞心柱／球高＞粗纤维含量。生食、熟食、综合风味、含水量、Vc含量、株高、外叶数、开展度8个性状的变异由遗传力(狭义)引起的比重较大，非加性互作和环境对它们的影响较小，可通过系谱选育方法加以固定，在早期世代进行选择便可收到显著成效。帮叶比、心柱／球高、粗纤维含量的遗传力较低，要在后期选择才能收到较好的效果。2．相关性分析认为Vc-还原糖、单球重-粗纤维、帮叶比-Vc、生食-帮叶比、生食-紧实度、生食-心柱／球高等之间的相关性呈不显著正相关或负相关，这些品质性状的选育可互相独立进行，不因某一性状选择而削弱其它性状，同一品种可同时具备多种优良性状。而Vc-单球重、Vc-风味(生食、熟食、综合风味)、以及生食-熟食-综合风味之间表型相关、遗传相关均达到显著或极显著水平，因此对任一性状的选择都会影响另一性状的表现。进一步的加性相关和显性相关分析表明：水-生食、水-熟食之间加性相关正值达极显著水平，显性相关不明显，在低世代对两性状进行间接选择即可获得较好效果。3．在6个自交系中P6的Vc含量、生食风味、熟食风味、综合风味4个性状的一般配合力均为最高，除在单球重、紧实度2个性状中表现为负效应值外，在其它性状中均表现较好，配合力效应值均在前列，其杂交后代群体的品质性状表现均较好，所以P6是一个适宜配制优良风味品质组合的亲本材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Six inbred lines[003-87(P1), 003-24(P2), 003-10(P3), 003-81(P4), 003-36(P5),003-29(P6)] of head cabbage(Brassica oleracea.var.capitata), were selected to use asmaterials of the study. They were all bred by Horticultural Research Institute in ShanghaiAcademy of Agricultural Sciences. Using the design of complete diallel genetic cross, thestudy analyzed genetic parameters such as the combining ability, the heritability, the geneticvariation and the genetic correlation of fifteen quality characters such as the content ofvitamin C(V_c), reducing sugar, water and coarse fiber as well as the fresh edible flavor oftotal twenty-one materials.Results oft he study indicate:1. With a bigger variance of GCA than that of SCA, eleven characters in cabbage, i.e.the fresh-food flavor, the cooked-food flavor, the comprehensive flavor, the content ofwater, V_c and coarse fiber, the plant height, the number of outer leaves, the expansiondegree, petiole/leaf weight ratio and central column/head height ratio, were mainlyinherited by additive genes. The order for the narrow inheritability of eleven characters was:the comprehensive flavor＞the fresh edible flavor＞the cooked edible flavor＞the watercontent＞the V_c content＞the plant height＞the number of outer leaves＞the expansiondegree＞petiole/leaf weight ratio＞central column/head height ratio＞the content of coarsefiber. The narrow inheritability had a big influence on the variation of these eight characterswhile unadditive interaction and environment had a smaller influence on them, indicatingthey can be consolidated by family breeding. It can be obviously effective to select them inthe early generation. But petiole/leaf weight ratio, central column/head height ratio and thecontent of coarse fiber had a relatively low inheritability, hence making it better to selectthem in the late generation.2. The correlation of V_c and reducing sugar, the single-head weight and the coarsefiber, V_c and petiole/leaf weight ratio, the fresh-food flavor and petiole/leaf weight ratio, thefresh-food flavor and the density degree, the fresh-food flavor and central column/head height ratio, etc, are not positively or negatively significant. As indicated, the screening ofthese characters can carry out independently, i.e. the screening for one character of theseones didn’t have a influence on other characters, leading to varieties with lots of excellentcharacters. However, the phenotype correlation and the genetic correlation of the V_c contentand the weight of single head, the V_c content and the flavor as well as among fresh-foodflavor, cooked-food flavor and comprehensive flavor reached a significant level, so thescreening for one character of these ones can produce a influence on the other characters.Furthermore, as shown by the additive analysis and the dominant analysis, the additivecorrelation of the water content and the fresh edible flavor as well as the water content andthe cooked edible flavor are extremely significant while the dominant correlation of themare not significant, which indicated that indirectly screening these characters in the earlygeneration can obtain good effects.3. The GCA of fotir characters, i.e. the V_c content, the. fresh-food flavor, the cooked--food flavor and the comprehensive flavor in the parent P6 is the highest among six inbredlines. Apart from the negative effect in two characters, the weight of single head and thedensity degree, P6 had more excellent characters, the combining ability ranking the secondor the third and more better quality characters of its cross progenies. Therefore, P6 can beconsidered as a suitable parent to pair the combination with excellent flavor and qualities.更多还原