【作者】 李占强；

【导师】 李登新；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自日本发生了0—157大肠杆菌污染事件后，抗菌剂的研究和开发得到广泛重视，抗菌剂的研究及生产成为一门新兴产业。目前国内外对银系无机抗菌剂的研究报道相当的多，纳米载银抗菌材料是一种新型抗菌材料，具有广谱、耐久、安全的特点，具有很大的应用前景。首先介绍了一般抗菌材料和纳米银系材料分类及其国内外发展现状，阐述了银系抗菌材料的抗菌机理及其在纺织中的运用，同时指出了纳米银在应用中存在变色和不耐洗涤的问题，假若使用粘结剂把纳米银整理在织物上，织物透气性和手感不好。为此制备一种有一定耐热稳定和变色不明显的纳米溶胶，以便对织物进行热整理，并研究了该溶胶的在纺织和水处理方面的综合利用性能。利用NaCl和AgNO₃制备出了粒径分布均匀的纳米粒子，然后把纳米溶胶在100℃处理10min。在制备纳米溶胶的过程中，考察了表面活性剂用量、pH值、NaCl用量、AgNO₃加入速度、浓度、搅拌速率对纳米AgCl溶胶耐热稳定性的影响，并利用沉降的方法进行判断，得出最佳的制备条件为：pH值为6-7之间，AgNO₃加入速度越慢越好，AgCl／NaCl（总量）的摩尔比为4／7，CPP／AgNO₃质量为1：1，浓度尽可能小，搅拌速率为1000—2000r／min。利用分光光度计表征胶体在一系列温度下的聚集过程，粒径用TEM测试，得出在常温下制备的纳米利料粒径为25—40nm，经过耐高温处理以后为70—110nm。随后对溶胶进行变色研究，利用X-衍射进行变色后溶胶的成分分析，得出溶胶变色后的成分为Ag和AgCl。利用最佳条件制备出来的纳米溶胶进行织物整理，整理两种方法为热浸和浸轧，被整理以后的织物进行抗菌和耐洗涤试验，同时研究不同整理方法对织物耐洗涤性能和抗菌效果的影响，得出热浸整理织物洗涤后抗菌效果不好，浸轧整理织物耐洗性好。随后重点对棉织物浸轧整理研究，得出整理以后的棉织物经过50次洗涤，抗菌效果仍能达到98.66％，整理以后的织物表面用SEM测试，表明纳米粒子进入棉纤维内部。探讨了整理以后织物的变色，并对纳米AgCl的回收利用的工艺进行了研究。利用纳米溶胶进行了模拟有机废水降解试验，并用纳米溶胶降解机理对试验结果进行解释。与纳米二氧化钛的降解效果相比，纳米AgCl在可见光条件下对甲基橙有比较好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research and development of the antimicrobial has been attended extensively since 0-157 colon bacillus contamination accident happened in Japan. As a new industry, the research and production of the antimicrobial is very important realistic meanings. Silver series antimicrobial has been researched and reported at home and abroad recently. Silver series of antimicrobial is a new style product and has a lot of new characters, which includes extensive use, good durability and safety.In this paper, sorts about ordinary and silver antimicrobial domestic and international developing actuality were introduced at first. The antibacterial mechanism and utilization in textile of silver nanoparticles were summarized respectively. It is obvious that the deficiency and problem are colour-change and poor resistant wash property found in the use of silver series of antimicrobial. If the silver nanoparticles are adhesived by bonding agent with textiles, it makes the pore of this sort clothes blocked and hand feeling bad. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a heat resisting and obscure colour-change nano-sol. In the same time, its comprehensive performance in textile and water treatment was studied.At first, well-dispersed and nanometer-sized AgCl sol were prepared by NaCl and AgNO₃ in the water liquor. Then the prepared sol was heated at 100℃for 10min. The factors impacting on heat-resistant character of nano-sol were investigated. Related to heat resisting character were judged更多还原