【作者】 杨书珍；

【导师】 俞建勇； 杨纪松；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要研究了一种特殊的静电植绒产品，突破传统静电植绒原材料的限制，开发一种新型超细纤维静电植绒产品。本文主要包括超细纤维在静电场中的理论分析和超细纤维绒毛静电植绒实验研究两部分。在超细纤维绒毛的理论分析中，介绍了其在静电场中的充电过程，分析了超细纤维绒毛在电场中获得剩余电荷的方式，主要是纤维在静电场中与电极接触充电和纤维在电晕电场中的充电；通过分析得出在外加电场强度、纤维的种类、纤维的细度、纤维所在空间介电常数一定的条件下，绒毛在电场中获得的剩余电荷随着绒毛细度(dtex)与长度(mm)比值的增大而减少；并分析了超细纤维绒毛在电场中经过平动、转动及其综合运动过程，最终以一定的速度植入粘合剂中；要提高植绒牢度，可以增加绒毛在电场中的运行速度，即提高绒毛的剩余电荷量、降低绒毛在空气中的摩擦阻力、增加电场强度。在超细纤维静电植绒试验研究中，采用先开纤后植绒的工艺，先将海岛纤维丝束切割成短绒进行开纤、染色、电着处理，得到超细纤维绒毛。采用上升法和下降法两种静电植绒方法，分别讨论了极板外加电压、极板距离、植绒时间三个工艺参数对单位面积植入绒毛量的影响。通过试验及分析得出：随着外加电压的增加和极板距离的减小，单位面积植入的绒毛量增加；随着植绒时间的增加，单位面积上植入的绒毛量开始一段时间增加较快，但是随着植绒时间的延长，单位面积上植入的绒毛量增加缓慢，最后趋于稳定的值。试验得出超细纤维绒毛有效的植绒时间为10秒。当植绒时间再次增加时，绒毛大多数以浮毛的形式存在，对提高有效植绒量并没有明显的效果。通过试验分析极板距离d、外加电压U、植绒时间t对单位面积植入绒毛量的联合影响，采用正交设计，利用方差分析的方法，得到三个因素对单位面积植入的绒毛量都有显著影响，并且极板距离d影响最大，是主要的因素。建立三个变量对单位面积植入绒毛量的回归方程，通过分析得到回归方程有显著性，极板距离和植绒时间的影响高于外加电压。根据得到的回归方程式，对上升法和下降法静电植绒单位面积植入绒毛量进行验证，对超细纤维静电植绒用下降法得到结果比用上升法得到结果的误差小。在显微镜下对超细纤维植绒面料的表面、横截面进行分析，得出超细纤维植绒要求粘合剂既要发泡、又要控制好粘合剂的发泡率；随着极板距离的减小，电压和植绒时间的增大，单位面积植入的绒毛量增大；植入的绒毛量较少时绒毛的直立性状降低。通过显微镜观察植绒表面摩擦后绒毛沿着粘合剂的表面断裂，并没有发生粘合剂脱落或者绒毛从粘合剂中拔出的现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 A special type of electrostatic flocking fabric with a new kind of flock materials was investigated in this paper. The charge and motion characteristics of the superfine fiber flocks were theoretically analyzed and relative equations were established. The flocking process and parameters using superfine fiber to flocks were also experimentally discussed in this paper.Based on the theoretical research, the method of the superfine fiber getting access charge in the electric field is mainly through the electrodes contact and the corona discharge in electric field. The theoretical analysis show that, with constant electric field intensity, fiber type, fiber fineness and room dielectric constant, the excess charge on the fiber are decreasing with the increase of the ratio of fiber fineness (dtex) to length (mm). The flocks are planted into the bond on fabrics after equation motion, rotation motion, and blending motion with equation and rotation. The flocking fastness could be enhanced by improving the velocity of flocks in electric field, that is, increasing excess charge and electric field intensity, decreasing friction resistance in air, and so on.The superfine fiber flocks are got through cutting the sea-island fiber firstly, and then flocking. In this process, the sea-island fibers are cut firstly, then opening, and then following with dying and electric disposal, to form available flocks.The effects of three separate parameters, voltage, electrode distance and flocking time, on flocks quantity on unit area of fabric were discussed using two methods of flocks moving up and down respectively. The experimental results show that, the flock quantity on unit area of fabric increase when voltage increases, or electrode distance decreases. With the increase of flocking time, the flock quantity greatly increases firstly, the increase degree slowly reduces, and finally reach to constant. The effective flocking time for superfine fiber is 10s. And most of flocks will float on the surface if flocking time is more than 10s, which have no significant effects on increasing flocks quantity.The effects of three parameters together, voltage, electrode distance and flocking time, on flocks quantity on unit area of fabric were also discussed using methods of orthogonal design and variance analysis. The results show that the three parameters all have obvious effects on flock quantity, among which electrode distance is the most important parameter. A regression equation on the relation between the three parameters and flocks quantity is established and analyzed to verify its significance. As for the three parameters, electrode distance and flocking time are more significant, and voltage is less. Regression analysis on the flock quantity on unit area of fabric using the method of flocks moving up is verified to be more precise than that using the method of flocks moving down according to the analysis results.The surface and cross-section of flocking fabric are analyzed using microscope. And the following conclusions can be got from the results. Firstly, the bond should have certain bleb rate to get high-quality products; secondly, the flocks quantity on unite area of fabric are increasing with the increase of voltage and flocking time and the decrease of electrode distance; thirdly, the quantity of perpendicular flocks are reducing with the decrease of planted flocks. The microscope results also show that flocks are broken down on the surface of bond when gritted, with no flocks pulled out from the bond, and no bond break off from the fabric.更多还原