【作者】 方沛；

【导师】 朱苏康；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 芳砜纶纤维是上海市纺织科学研究院和上海市合成纤维研究所共同研究和生产的一种耐高温纤维。它的极限氧指数为33，具备良好的阻燃条件，填补了我国耐250℃等级合成纤维的空白，是我国唯一具有自主知识产权的化纤产品。芳砜纶纤维的耐热性和热稳定性均较好，尤其是抗热氧化性能更为突出，对各种化学物品均能保持良好的稳定性。主要应用领域为防护制品、过滤材料、电绝缘材料、蜂窝结构材料，年纤维需求量约为2000吨，具有广阔的市场前景。实践证明，芳砜纶可以作为一种阻燃材料应用于耐高温防护纺织品和阻燃产业用、家用纺织品。由于芳砜纶大分子结构上含有酰胺基，使其具有良好的亲水性，但这却不利于在潮湿和污染的环境中使用，因此我们考虑通过芳砜纶织物拒水拒油整理，增强其拒湿拒污及自洁性能。经拒水拒油整理的芳砜纶织物被用于诸如篷布、帷帘等产业和装饰用纺织品中，对于加快该高性能纤维的推广和应用具有重要意义。本文基于前人对棉、涤／棉、毛等织物的拒水拒油整理工艺研究的成果，分析了芳砜纶织物的特点，作为其拒水拒油整理的切入点。通过对表面张力的讨论，确定了芳砜纶织物整理前后拒水拒油性能的表征方法。采用含氟拒水拒油整理剂AG-7600，交联剂三聚氰胺甲醛对芳砜纶织物进行拒水拒油整理，通过二次通用旋转组合设计的方法分析了各个工艺参数对整理效果的影响，得到了优化工艺参数。在分析了交联剂的用量对拒水拒油整理耐水洗性的影响之后，对优化工艺进行了修正，最后得到整理工艺参数为：拒水拒油整理剂AG-7600体积百分比为5％、三聚氢胺甲醛交联剂体积百分比为2％、焙烘温度为170℃、焙烘时间为1min。以修正后的最优方案对芳砜纶织物进行拒水拒油整理，并且将整理后的织物与芳砜纶原织物做性能对比试验，包括强力、透气性、透湿性等。从性能测试的数值来看，经修正的最优工艺整理后的织物与原织物相比，其强力、透气性、透湿性稍许有所下降。经向强力值平均下降约4.5％，纬向强力值平均下降约4.8％；织物的透气量平均下降约11.73％；织物的透湿量平均下降约10.21％。同时，对整理后的芳砜纶织物进行阻燃性能测试。整理后织物阻燃性的各项指标变化不大，经向阴燃时间延长了0.7s，损毁长度增加了0.7mm；纬向阴燃时间延长了0.6s，损毁长度增加了0.6mm。说明拒水拒油整理基本不影响芳砜纶织物的阻燃性能。在整理过程中，为了提高有机氟类整理剂的耐久性，添加适当的交联剂是一个重要措施。整理后的织物经水洗5次、10次、15次后，拒水、拒油等级均能够保持与初始时基本无异；即使在经过水洗30次后，芳砜纶织物的拒水等级仍可达到8级，拒油等级仍可达到6级。耐水洗性试验表明，织物获得了良好的拒水拒油性能及耐久性。综上，本文对芳砜纶织物的拒水拒油整理进行研究，通过优化工艺参数，得到了较理想的拒水拒油效果。同时进行了整理后的性能测试，结果表明，经整理后的芳砜纶织物几乎不改变原有的特点和性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polysulfonamide (PSA) is a new kind of high temperature resistance fiber developed and produced by Shanghai Textile Science Research Institute and Shanghai Synthetic Fiber Research Institute. The LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) of PSA is 33, which indicates that PSA has good fire retardant performance. PSA, our own-patented synthetic fiber, which can resist the temperature above 250℃, has filled the blank of high temperaure fiber in China. It has good performance of fire retardant, flame resistance, thermal stability and resistance to cauterization. PSA is mainly applied in protective products, filtering materials, insulation products, etc. With the annual market demand of 2000 tons, PSA fiber has a bright prospect. It is proved that PSA can be a high temperature resistant textile material, flame retardant textile material and household textile material.The existence of Acylamino on the macromolecular structure of the PSA leads to good hydrophilicity of PSA. But it is not suitable to be used in the damp and contaminated environment. So we consider improving PSA’s wet-repellency, dirt repellency and self-cleaning capability by water and oil repellent finishing. This dissertation discusses the necessity of water and oil repellent finishing of the PSA fabric. After the treatment, the PSA fabric can be applied in industries and adornments, such as tarp. Water and oil repellent finishing can expand PSA’s utilization, and is meaningful for the development of high-performance fiber industry in its popularization and application.Based on the study of water and oil repellent finishing technics of cotton, polyester/cotton, wool fabric, this dissertation takes the characteristics of the PSA’s water and oil repellent finishing as a break-through point. The discussion towards the surface tension has determined the measurements of the finishing of the PSA fabric. The PSA fabric is treated by water and oil repellent organic fluorine AG-7600 and cross-linking agent melamine formaldehyde resin. According to Uniform-precision Rotatble Central Composite Design, it is analyzed in the dissertation that different parameters influence the effect of the finishing effect, and optimized parameters are obtained. These optimized parameters are amended by the experiment on the dosage of cross-linking agent. The optimum results are as follows: the volume percentage of AG-7600 is 5%, the volume percentage of melamine formaldehyde resin is 1%, the curing temperature is 170℃, while the curing time is 1 min.After treating the PSA fabric with the amended optimum finishing parameters, we carried out performance comparison experiments of the finished and original fabric, including the testing of tenacity, water vapour permeability, air permeability and so on. The numerical value of the significance testing after finishing shows a little drop in the performances of PSA fabric. The average warp tenacity is reduced by 4.5%, the average weft tenacity is reduced by 4.8%, the average air permeability is reduced by 11.73%, and the average water vapor transmission is reduced by 10.21%. We also carried out the burning retardant test on the finished PSA fabric. The performance numbers only have a slight difference with the untreated ones. The warp afterglow time is raised by 0.7s, the warp damaged length is raised by 0.7mm. The weft afterglow time is raised by 0.7s, the weft damaged length is raised by 0.7mm. It shows that the water and oil repellent finishing hardly influences the flame retardant of the PSA fabric.During the course of finishing, appending a cross-linking agent to the finishing agent is an important measure for the durability. The finished fabric, after 5, 10 and 15 washing cycles, can keep the original water repellent grade and also the oil repellent grade. Even after 30 washing cycles, the water repellent grade remains at 8 while the oil repellent grade remains at 6. The durability test shows that the PSA fabric acquires good water and oil repellent function as well as good durability.The dissertation has carried out pilot study on the water and oil repellent finishing of the PSA fabric and has obtained ideal results by optimization. After the significance testing of the finishing fabric, the results shows that the finishing scarcely changes the original characteristics and the functions.更多还原