【作者】 张曼；

【导师】 陈季华；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，锦纶为最早的合成纤维之一，被广泛应用于织物、地毯、工业纤维、工程塑料等领域。据统计，2002年到2004年我国锦纶纤维产量共增长72.17％。产品的大幅增长造成制造业废水排放量同比例提高，因此对锦纶生产废水的治理日益受到人们重视。本实验采用A／O／O生物膜反应器对锦纶-6生产废水进行处理，研究不同运行因素对系统处理效果的影响，考察反应器内微生物状况，确立反应器动力学模型，并初步探讨采用曝气生物滤池对出水深度处理的可行性。硝化液回流比、水力停留时间、进水负荷和溶解氧是影响系统处理效果的重要因素，分别调整运行工况以研究不同参数对系统运行状况的影响。在试验设计进水条件下，即进水COD_Cr和TN平均浓度分别在500mg／L和30mg／L左右，控制硝化液回流比3，单个反应器内HRT3.9h，好氧池Ⅰ和Ⅱ内DO均在3.0mg／L左右，系统COD_Cr和TN去除率分别达95％和68％左右，出水氨氮低于1.5mg／L，能够使出水满足污水排放标准GB8978-1996一级标准。通过对污染物去除途径、污泥活性和红外色谱的分析，我们发现采用A／O／O工艺将好氧段分成去碳和硝化两阶段，异养菌和硝化自养菌分别成为好氧池Ⅰ和Ⅱ的优势菌种，缓和两者在竞争DO、生存空间和营养物质的矛盾，保证有机物的稳定去除并强化硝化过程。本文结合A／O／O生物膜工艺各反应器的运行情况，根据生物膜系统的反应-扩散特性，分别建立了缺氧段反硝化动力学模型、好氧池Ⅰ有机物氧化动力学模型和好氧池Ⅱ氨氮氧化动力学模型，确定相应的动力学参数，为工程设计提供技术依据。A／O／O生物膜工艺具有一定的抗冲击负荷能力，能够稳定去除COD_Cr，保证较高的氨氮转化率。然而，高进水负荷条件下出水氨氮可能无法达标，并考虑到生产回用的要求，故选择曝气生物滤池对出水进行深度处理，并考察气水比、水力负荷、滤料高度对有机物去除和氨氮硝化的影响。研究表明，当进水COD_Cr和氨氮平均浓度分别在70mg／L和15mg／L左右时，控制气水比2∶1和水力负荷0.13m³／（m²·h），曝气生物滤池能够稳定出水水质，出水COD_Cr和氨氮可降低至30mg／L和2.5mg／L左右，能够满足《生活杂用水水质标准》CJ／T48-1999。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, nylon-6 is unrivalled in its number of applications, including textiles, carpets, industrial fibers and engineering plastics. It was reported that the production of nylon in China had increased by 72.17% from 2002 to 2004. The greater production generates more industrial wastewater correspondingly and how to deal with this wastewater is increasingly becoming a source of concern in wastewater management.Organics and nitrogen removal of nylon-6 production wastewater was studied by using an A/O/O biofilm reactor. The thesis was to investigate effects of important process variables on system’s performance, characterize biomass attached in different tanks, study reactor kinetics of submerged biofilms and finally evaluate the feasibility of a biological aerated filter in tertiary treatment for reuse.The A/O/O biofilm reactor was investigated at different conditions of nitrate recirculation ratio, HRT （Hydraulic retention time）, DO as well as the influent COD_Cr and TN concentrations. The experimental data indicated that when the average influent COD_cr and TN were around 500mg/L and 30mg/L, under nitrate recirculation ratio of 3, HRT in each reactor of 3.9h, DO in aerobic tankⅠand aerobic tankⅡof about 3.0 mg/L, the removal efficiency of COD_cr and TN could reach 95% and 68%, respectively. In addition, the ammonia in the effluent was less than 1.5mg/L and the effluent quality perfectly met first discharge standard specified in GB8978-1996.Through pollutant transformation pathway investigation, bacteria activity testing and IR spectrometer analysis, we found that 2-step aerated tanks would enhance the nitrification property. The aeration stage was divided into 2 steps in space which made it possible that heterotrophic and autotrophic bacterium became dominant microorganism in aerated tankⅠandⅡrespectively and furthermore overcame the problem of competing inferiority of nitrification bacterium to heterotrophic bacterium on DO, nutrient and living room. It proved that A/O/O biofilm system would effectively enhance nitrification process and assure high removal efficiency of COD_Cr.The performance of the whole A/O/O biofilm system was analyzed by kinetics simulation. The denitrification reactor kinetics model in anoxic tank, the organic removal reactor kinetics model in aerobic tankⅠand the nitrification reactor kinetics model in aerobic tankⅡwere set up and used to calculate related kinetic parameters in each tank,which could be cited as technical reference during treatment facility design.The A/O/O biofilm process seemed to be a promising method for the organics and nitrogen removal of nylon-6 wastewater With good resistance to shock loads. However, during experimental results we noticed that under high TN loadings the effluent NH₄⁺-N would probably not be able to meet the stringent limitation on nitrogen discharge. Therefore a biological aerated filter （BAF） was selected for tertiary treatment of the effluent from the A/O/O biofilm reactor and effects of hydraulic loading, gas to liquid ratio and media height on the removal of organic matter and NH₄⁺-N were studied. Results showed that when the COD_Cr and NH₄⁺-N concentration of the influent was about 70mg/L and 15mg/L, under the conditions of gas to liquid ration 2 and hydraulic loading 0.13 m³/（m²·h）, the average effluent COD_Cr and TN concentration were decreased to 30mg/L and 2.5rag/L, respectively, which met the reuse water quality standards CJ/T 48-1999.更多还原