赤峰云铜铜电解净液工序的工艺设计

【作者】 罗劲松；

【导师】 李坚； 黄太祥；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 电解液净化是铜电解精炼必不可少的重要工序，它直接关系到阴极铜的品质。电解液的净化工序一般包括：平衡铜离子系统、脱砷系统、硫酸镍系统以及电解液循环和过滤系统等。净液流程的选择还与阳极铜成份、所产副产品的市场需求、综合经济效益及环境保护等许多因素有关，因此，各铜电解工厂净液流程和净液方法差别较大。赤峰云铜采取的净液过程为：蒸发浓缩——水冷结晶硫酸铜——电积脱砷——冷冻结晶硫酸镍——离心分离。硫酸铜不作为产品，经过重溶后返回生产主流程中，水冷结晶硫酸铜后的一次母液仅满足脱砷和脱镍需要；采取电积脱铜的方式平衡电解液中的铜离子。工程设计是科学技术转化为现实生产力的桥梁和纽带。本设计是赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司10万t／a铜电解工程建设项目的单项工程，突出体现了从“立项、论证、设计、实施、应用”的系统过程，是一个完整的工程研究和设计项目。论文内容直接应用于本企业的实际生产。在设计过程中，无论是工艺方案和技术条件选择，还是厂房布置和设备配置，以及将来的生产组织和管理等方面都作了多侧面的、多角度的分析、比选和优化，以确保整体方案相对较优。赤峰云铜净液系统灵活性大、可操作性强、手段多、能力强、建设投资省、操作和管理方便等特点，主要体现在以下几方面：1．硫酸铜与硫酸镍、脱铜与脱砷分别设置在同一厂房。2．平衡铜离子系统有电积脱铜和生产硫酸铜两种方式。3．在电解液中镍含量低的情况下，也可通过硫酸镍系统进行硫酸铜结晶，来平衡电解液中的铜和砷。4．电积脱砷系统和电积脱铜系统可以互相切换，即可以将脱砷系统改为脱铜系统，也可将脱铜系统改为脱砷系统，或将脱砷和脱铜放在一起进行生产。5．当电解液中的钙富集到一定程度时，只需进行适当的工艺调整和增加少量的设备，即可利用硫酸铜系统来除钙。6．电解液精细过滤与阳极泥浆液过滤设置在一起，可根据生产需要进行互相切换。根据阳极铜成份及赤峰云铜阴极铜最大产量11.4万t／a(生产11.4万t／a阴极铜所需溶解的阳极铜为11.7t／a)，铜离子的自然增长率取1.53％，阴极铜生产年工作日取350天，脱铜年工作日取330天，脱砷年工作日取280天，脱镍年工作日取280天，一次母液利用率75％，脱砷后液利用率80％，粗制硫酸镍含镍19.4％，从计算结果看，铜、砷、镍的增长量分别为1790.1t／a、117.0t／a、58.5t／a，需抽取的电积脱铜电解液量为315.5m~3／d，需净化的电解液量为58.9m~3／d，需处理的冷冻前液量为15.5m~3／d。此外，处理的阳极泥浆液量为450m~3／d，精细过滤的电解液量为3360m~3／d。为满足上述主要元素铜、砷、镍净液的需要，根据冶金计算、方案论证和生产实践，在确保各单元之间生产能力的匹配性，各系统、各生产环节具有良好的联系的条件下，将硫酸铜结晶与粗制硫酸镍生产布置在一个厂房内，设置了蒸发槽4个，水冷结晶槽4个，冷冻结晶槽2个；脱铜和脱砷系统也布置在同一个厂房内，设置了脱铜槽15个，脱砷槽7个，并共用硅整流，其铭牌电流电压分别为14KA、55V；设置了4台50m~2板框压滤机用于阳极泥浆液的过滤，另设4台板框压滤机用于电解液的精细过滤。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purification of electrolyte is necessary in copper electrorefining, it related to the quality of cathode directly. The procedure of purification includes: copper equilibrium system, arsenic removing system, nickel sulfate system, electrolyte circulating system and filtration system. The procedure of purification also relate with anodic composition, market of by-product, total economic benefits, environment protection and other factors. Base on the above description, we know that it has a large difference between two different refineries.The procedure in Yunnan copper Co. Ltd Chifeng’s refinery is: evaporate tocondense--water cooling to get nickel sulfate crystal--Centrifugal Separation.Copper sulfate is not as a product, it will be sent to electrolyte circulation system after it is re-dissolved. After the copper sulfate crystaled by the water cooling method, the first mother liquor is only for arsenic and nickel removing. The equilibrium of copper realized by means of the method—electrowinning.A good design can transfer the scientific theories into practical productivity. This design of article is a part of the construction item of Yunnan copper Co. Ltd Chifeng’s refinery. This article is an integrated design and research project, it includes item establish, research, design, item carry out and put into production. The designing of this article have been put into practical productivity.During the designing, the author analysis many factors to get a better procedure that include the technological plan and condition, workshop and equipment configuration, and the product administration. This procedure of the purification of Chifen’s refinery has some advantages: flexible, easy to operate, has many ways to purification, high productivity and less investment, convenient administration and so on. The advantages are:1. Copper sulphate, nickel sulphate, copper removing and arsenic removing system are set in one workshop.2. There are two ways to make copper equilibrium: electrowinning to remove copper and get copper sulphate.3. If the nickel concentration in the electrolyte is low, the nickel sulphate sytem can also get copper sulphate in order to make the copper and arsenic ion equilibrium.4. The electrowinning system to remove copper and arsenic are set together. It means anyone in this system can be change to the other, or both system worked simultaneous.5. When the calcium concentration in the electrolyte becomes higher, some regulations and less equipments adding in the copper sulphate system can revome the calcium ion easily.6. The author set the electrolyte filtration system and the anode slime filtration system combined, this system can fulfill the different needs of filtration.Some data of this design are: the maximum output of Yunnan copper Co. Ltd Chifeng’s refinery is 114000 t/a (114000 ton cathode need 117000 ton anode dissolved), the growth rate of copper is 1.53%, the days of cathode electrolysis, the days of copper removing and arsenic removing are 350 days, 330 days and 280 days. The using ratio of the first mother liquor and the rear liquor after arsenic removing are 75% and 80%, the nickel concentration in rough nickel sulfate is 19.4%. Base on the above data, the growth ratio of copper, arsenic, nickel are 1790. 1t/a, 117.0t/a, 58.5t/a, so, the volume of electrolyte that pumped out for copper, arsenic and nickel removing are 315.5 m~3/d, 58.9 m~3/d and 15.5 m~3/d, and the anode slime needed to be treat with, its volume is 450 m~3/d, and more, the volume of the electrolyte that need to be filtration is 3360 m~3/d.To satisfy the need of electrolyte’s purification, base on the calculation, project demonstration and the practical experience, to ensure the every equipment in good condition and the production is going on, Chifeng’s refinery sets the copper sulfate and nickel sulfate production equipment into one workshop, and set 4 evaporate cells, 4 water cooling crystal cells, 2 freezing crystal cells. The copper and arsenic removing system are also put into one workshop, there are 15 copper removing cells and 7 arsenic removing cells in this workshop, and these two removing system use one silicon commutator together, the type of the commutator is 14kA、55 V. There are 4 frame pressure filtrators to deal with the anode slime, and there are another 4 filtrators to filtrate the electrolyte.更多还原