基于Agent的行人交通微观仿真建模与分析

【作者】 张诗波；

【导师】 熊坚； 何民；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 行人交通是城市交通系统的重要组成部分，已经越来越受到城市交通研究者、管理者以及交通参与者的重视。狭义上的行人交通只包括发生在道路上的步行行为；广义上的行人交通则包括发生在一切公共设施范围内的步行行为。由于行人交通多样性、慢速性、随机性、自组织性的特征使得研究行人交通的难度并不亚于机动车交通；在这种复杂问题面前，采用解析模型描述行人变得十分困难，即使建立了相关的模型，行人交通微观参数采集的困难也使模型的标定和校验也变得非常困难。由于对复杂问题和随机现象具有良好的描述能力，计算机微观仿真成了研究、评价行人交通的重要手段。目前，国内这方面的研究成果并不多，本论文正是着眼于建立一个行人交通微观仿真平台，用于研究、评价行人交通及其设施。论文首先以Multi-Agent建模思想为基本思路，建立了行人交通系统模型框架；并在充分汲取现有成果的基础上建立了行人个体属性模型、动力学模型及决策方法；特别是在行人包围体的提炼、提前避让力模型的发展、包围盒碰撞检测算法方面有新的见解。其次，论文以VC++.NET和OpenGL为开发工具，以所建立的Agent模型为基础，编制了行人微观仿真程序，建立了PTSim平台。该平台具有16个基本库，各库可以独立地拓展自己的功能；与用户接口的场景设计和模型调用都在一个库中完成，仿真输出比较友好；同时，PTSim较容易实现从平面到立体的仿真。PTSim平台中还融合了部分评价模型，并对动力学模型做了标定。最后，论文应用PTSim平台模拟了单向、双向、瓶颈处行人流，对行人交通特性做了初步的探索研究，建立了单向行人流通能力以及不同服务水平下双向行人流通能力模型，有针对性地提出了几条瓶颈行人设施设计建议。因此，通过本文的工作，深入研究了行人微观仿真模型，建立了行人微观仿真平台，为实验室下一步的研究工作奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important component of urban transportation system, pedestrian traffic is taken more and more attentions by urban transportation researchers, administrants as well as participants. Narrowly defined, pedestrian traffic only includes the walking behaviors on streets, but broadly, walking behaviors in all public facilities are included. Due to the diversity, low-speed, randomicity and self-organization characters of pedestrian flow, it is very difficult to understand and develop a mathematic model to describe the behavior of pedestrian. Another challenge is the difficulty of data collection for pedestrian traffic, which makes the validation and calibration of model very difficult. The microscopic dynamic parameters of pedestrian, such as the interaction process of two or more pedestrian, are not easy to get and analyze even with some sophisticated devices. As an efficient tool to study the complex problem, computer microscopic simulation becomes one of the most important means to study pedestrian traffic. The author builds a platform of pedestrian microscopic simulation and tries to evaluate pedestrian traffic and its facilities.In this paper, a system framework of pedestrian traffic is built based on Multi-Agent modeling methodology. Each pedestrian with individual attribute, dynamics and decision-making principles is modeled as one Agent. Compare with existing study, the pedestrian Agent model improved in some aspects, such as: the abstract of pedestrian "Close-Body", development of "Pre-Avoid Force" model, improvement the collision-avoid algorithm of "Speedbox".To make the model applicable, a Multi-Agent microscopic simulation software named "PTSim" is developed based on VC++.NET, OpenGL. PTSim has 16 base libraries which can extend their own functions independently. The scene design and model transfer for user interface can be handled within one library. PTSim also provide vivid video as simulation output. Furthermore, the transition form 2D to 3D is quite easy in PTSim. As a tool, PTSim merges some evaluation models and calibrates the dynamics model.At last, uni-, bi-, bottleneck-pedestrian flows are simulated and analyzed by PTSim. Uni-directional flow capacity and bi-directional flow capacity under various Level-of-Services are modeled. Based on the simulation study, several proposals aiming at improving the bottleneck of pedestrian are put forward and evaluated.更多还原