我国自然保护地法构建研究

【作者】 赵静；

【导师】 张树兴；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人们已经逐渐认识到，生物多样性保护对一个国家，乃至整个人类生存和发展的重要作用。生物多样性保护已经成为全人类关注的事业，为此世界许多国家于1992年联合签署了《生物多样性公约》，通过加强国际交流和合作，为当代和后世人民的利益，来保护本国和世界各国的生态系统和生物多样性。保护生物多样性的最重要的措施，就是就地保护。《公约》规定“就地保护”是指保护生态系统和自然环境以及维持和恢复物种在其自然环境中有生存力的群体；对于驯化和培殖物种而言，其环境是指它们在其中发展出其明显特性的环境。而依法建立保护物种、生态系统、栖息地的自然区域，就是就地保护的最重要的途径和措施。国际上将这些自然保护区域称为“Protected Areas”，中文译为自然保护地。世界各国纷纷建立起各种各样的自然保护地，来保护本国生态系统，物种的安全，同时又采取措施合理利用自然资源，达到人与自然的和谐统一。我国是世界上生态系统和生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，建立起了各种类型的自然保护地系统，使其成为了保护这些有着无可替代价值的自然资源的有效方式。近年来，我国各类型的自然保护地发展迅速，所有自然保护地的总面积已经占国土陆地面积的18％还多。而且其相关的法制建设也取得了一定进展。但随着我国经济的持续高速增长，该系统的建设和管理出现了不少问题，已经不能适应实际工作的需要。在这种情况下，全国人大环资委于2004年就开始了自然保护地的立法准备工作，并多次召开会议，征求各方意见，于2006年形成了多份《自然保护地法(草案)征求意见稿》。但由于自然保护地该概念较新，公众认知度不强，这一概念的理解、制定该法的必要性、该法法律制度的建立和完善等问题都成为重要的话题和争论的焦点，使得该法迟迟未能出台。在这篇论文里，笔者首先在自然保护地的概述中，明确了自然保护地的概念，将其和其他相关概念区分开来，提出了设置自然保护地概念的意义，接着简单地阐述了自然保护地的历史发展和建立的意义；而后，通过介绍国外自然保护地立法的概况，总结出世界各国自然保护地立法的特点，它对我国自然保护地立法的完善提供了一些借鉴意义；再者，通过对我国各类型自然保护地立法的现状，存在的问题和立法趋势分析，得出了需要重塑我国自然保护地法律体系的结论；最后，笔者提出我国需要构建自然保护地法，说明了构建其必要性，并从立法原则，法律框架体系，管理体制，分类及分区等方面提出了构建我国自然保护地法的一些框架性的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 People gradually have been realized that the conservation of biological diversity is significant to the survival and the development of a nation, even as the human being. The conservation becomes an enterprise that the whole world must pay attention to. Therefore, many nations in cooperation signed the Convention on Biological Diversity to benefit to the generation and the next generation by the international cooperation, and to protect the ecosystem and the biological diversity of the domestic and overseas. The most important measure is In-situ conservation. The Convention defines that "In-situ conservation" means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties. The most important approach of In-situ conservation is setting up natural areas for the reservation of the species, ecosystems and habitats. Those natural areas officially are named "Protected Areas". Nations are setting up varied protected areas to protect and utilize rationally domestic resources, and to reach the harmony between the nature and humans.Our nation is one of the most resourceful countries in the field of ecosystem and biological diversity. We have established all kinds of protected areas, which become a valid way to protect the nature resources that may not substitute for. These years, all kinds of protected areas have covered more than 18% of our state’s land areas. And the related legislative work has made some progresses. However, with the continued high-rapid development in economy of our country, many problems have appeared in the construction and management of the protected areas, which cannot adapt to the need of practical work. In this case, the Environment and Resource Committee of NPC had been preparing the legislation of the Law of Protected Areas since 2004. And the committee put up the draft by the discussion of all sides. But as to the conception of the protected area is new, people at large don’t know it. Such as the comprehension of it and the necessity to make it and the establishment and the perfection of the legal institution become the hot of discussion, so the law can’t announce early. In this paper, firstly, the author makes the definition of "Protected Areas" in the summary, distinguishes it with other related conception, puts forward the significance of using up the conception of "Protected Areas", and then elaborates briefly the history and the significance of the making the law. Secondly, through the introduction of the legislation in the countries abroad, the author sums up the characteristic of it, from which we can draw some lessons. Thirdly, through the analysis of the current legislation, the existing problems and the tendency of the lawmaking, we make a conclusion to reestablishing the legal system. At last, the author illustrates the necessity of building the law, and brings up some advices on the legal principle, the law frame system, the classification of it.更多还原