城市突发性环境污染事故预警技术支持系统的研究

【作者】 张嵘嵘；

【导师】 曾向东；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 应国家环境保护总局的要求，建设既能对污染事故实施统一指挥协调、现场快速监测和应急处理，又能对污染隐患进行监控和警告的应急响应系统是各大城市环保和政府工作的重要内容。突发性环境污染事故预警技术支持系统的研究，是近年来环境科学和地理信息技术结合的重要研究方向，更是城市环境保护与监测的重要工作内容。本研究建立起一个基于GIS的突发性环境污染事故预警技术支持系统框架，框架对污染事故需要的数据库和子系统(其中包括危险源数据库，化学危险品数据库，污染事故应急人员管理数据库，污染事故应急设备管理数据库，污染事故应急案例数据库，污染事故预测分析子系统，污染事故应急预案生成子系统)的数据整理方法，系统功能和系统结构的设计进行了研究。便于今后系统进一步完善时，根据各城市可能发生污染事故的危险源的调查，将这些污染事故所需的多种信息、数据、多种预测模型的算法更快速的集成并实现在环境GIS系统中。研究方法是：将整个突发性环境污染事故预警技术支持系统需要的数据库和子系统进行分解。对每个子系统的需要的数据进行归类和整理，并设计子系统需要实现的功能，并根据功能设计子系统的结构，最后把系统面对用户生成的可执行程序的人机对话操作界面进行了设计和演示。结果表明：防范于未然才是最佳的方法，必须对风险源可能出现的污染事故，提出控制危害，抢救受害人员，指导居民防护和撤离，消除危害后果的污染事故处理和救援活动的预想方案。突发性环境污染事故预警技术支持系统是环境科学与监测和地理信息系统结合的典型例子，系统的开发需要各学科领域专业人员的广泛合作，如环境科学与监测，地理信息系统开发人员，软件和数据库开发人员，才可以把GIS和环境模拟与预测模型结合起来，发展一种高效的无缝的连接模式。为了减少污染事故的危害，降低对环境和人员和伤害，有关单位必须紧密配合，第一时间做出响应和行动，处理污染，疏散人员，救助伤者，及时监测。基于WebGIS的水环境数学模型将成为今后GIS支持下水环境模型发展的主要趋势。地理信息系统与应用模型的集成已经成为地理信息系统与其他学科联合应用的必然，如何把GIS和环境模拟与预测模型结合起来，发展一种高效的无缝的连接模式，实现生态环境的空间模拟和预测已成为环境GIS的一个很重要的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to Environmental Protection Administration’s requirement, build a technical support system, monitoring and rapid response of environmental pollution accident for control and environmental protection in major cities is an important part of government work. The research on warning technical support system of environmental pollution accident, is a key research direction of enyironmental science and geographic information technologies integration in recent years, and also an important work of environmental protection and monitoring. The study in this paper is to establish a GIS technical support warning system framework for the sudden environmental pollution accident, the framework studied the data processing, function and structure of the sub-system and database (including dangerous source database, dangerous chemicals database, emergency response personnel management database, emergency equipment management database, emergency cases database, pollution prediction analysis subsystems, emergency plan generation subsystems). For further improve the system, with the city dangerous source investigation, and various kinds of information, data, various forecast models and algorithms, with this framework we can achieve more rapid integration of GIS systems.The research method of this paper is that break down the entire technical support system to some databases and subsystems. Classified and coordinate the data and design the functions and structures of each subsystem. According to the structure and function subsystem design. Finally display the man-machine operate interface of the system.The results are: the best way to ward off danger is to find the risk source, we have to find the accidents that may arise. Prepare a plan about how to put damage control and rescue the victims, protection and guidance from residents, eliminate harmful consequences. The warning technical support system of environmental pollution accident is a typical example of environmental science and geographic information systems integration, the development requires extensive cooperation in areas of professionals, such as environmental science and monitoring, geographic information systems development, software and database development, so that GIS and environmental simulation will be combined with the prediction model and then became a seamless efficient model. To reduce the harmful of sudden environmental pollution accidents and to reduce harm to the environment, all the government departments must work as a team, respond and take action to deal with pollution, rescue the victims, and monitoring the pollution at the first time. Web GIS-based mathematical model of the water environment will become a model for the future development of the GIS water trends. Geographic Information System integrate with other models of has become an inevitable combination with other subjects. How to integrate GIS and environmental simulation and prediction model into a model of seamless connectivity, ecological environment space simulation and prediction has become a very important direction of GIS development.更多还原