纯正不作为犯问题研究

【作者】 张军；

【导师】 马松建；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 刑法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 不作为犯是一个博大精深的理论课题，同时也是一个关涉立法与司法的重大实践问题，尤其是对于在历史与现实中都具有重大意义的纯正不作为犯更是如此。由于注意到对纯正不作为犯的专门研究极为少见，大多是在研究不作为犯之时稍带提及，无论在理论的深度和广度上都难尽如人意，因此，作者不惴冒昧，将纯正不作为犯作为研究课题。但对纯正不作为犯进行全面研究非一篇硕士论文所能承载，因此作者选取了纯正不作为犯中三个基本问题展开探讨，以为抛砖引玉。本文除引言外，分为纯正不作为犯的概念、纯正不作为犯的作为义务、纯正不作为犯的既遂与未遂三大部分。文章第一部分对纯正不作为犯的概念进行了界定。文章在对作为和不作为区分的基础上，认为所谓不作为犯是指消极不履行作为义务的犯罪，不作为犯分为纯正不作为犯与不纯正不作为犯两种类型。而纯正不作为犯并非如一般所认为那样，是只能由不作为构成的犯罪，而应是作为义务主体与内容都由法律明文规定(或职务、业务明确要求)的犯罪类型，其构成要件行为除不作为外，也可以包括作为，并进一步说明了纯正不作为犯的构成特征。文章第二部分探讨了纯正不作为犯的核心问题一作为义务。文章认为，所谓作为义务是指行为人必须实施一定行为的义务，是一种积极的、特定的义务，并分析了作为义务的三个特征。纯正不作为犯的作为义务只有两种来源和类型，即法律明文规定的作为义务和职务、业务要求的作为义务。作者认为对纯正不作为犯作为义务的设定应坚持法律义务和道德义务两分的原则，并对纯正不作为犯作为义务伦理化进行了批判性分析，表明作者对于那种出于强烈的道德感情冲动而认为应将见危不救、知情不举等行为进行入罪化处理的建议持审慎乃至反对的态度。在本部分内容中，文章还对纯正不作为犯作为义务的履行及冲突问题进行了初步探讨。文章第三部分对纯正不作为犯的既遂与未遂问题进行了阐述。本文认为纯正不作为犯大部分为行为犯，但作为特例，遗弃罪是危险犯。而在行为犯的情况下，有无未遂应区分为不同情况，在由复合行为构成的，即存在手段行为是作为的纯正不作为犯中，可以存在未遂。对遗弃罪的既遂与未遂问题可按照危险犯的原则进行处理，即对生命和人身产生了具体的现实的危险时，为遗弃罪既遂，否则为未遂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The non-action crime is not only one great and abstruse theoretical subject,but also one important lejislatic and judicial practive problem, especially offence of typical omission. The author chooses the offence of typical omission as the subject because the study on offence of typical omission is limited in theory. But it is difficult to study offence of typical omission deeply and systemically,so the essey chooses three basic issues.Besides the preface, the full thesis is divided into three parts totally including the concept of the offence of typical omission, the action duty of the offence of typical omission, accomplished offense and attempt of the offence of typical omission.The first part is the concept of the offence of typical omission. Based on the difference between action crime and non-action crime , non-action crime is one person who don’t implement the action duty. The non-action crime is divided intothe offence of nontypical omission and the offence of typical omission. The offence of typical omission is composed of non-action and action,and its subject and content being stipulated.The second part is the action duty of the offence of typical omission. From the author’s viewpoints,the action duty is the active and specific duty behaviorer must to implement. The duty of the offence of typical omission includes legal action duty and professional duty. The action duty of the offence of typical omission is composed of legal duty and ethical duty. The anthor analyzes the ethical duty critically ,and believes it is not reasonable to penalize someone who doesn’t help others forstrong emotional impulse.Besides,this part elaborates the imlementation and the conflict of the offence of typical omission.The third part elaborates the accomplished offense and attempt of the offence of typical omission. From the author’s viewpoints,the most of the offence of typical omission is behavioral offense,but abandonment is dangerous offence. One part of behavioral offense have attempt,such as behavioral offense composed of complex behavior. The accomplished offense and attempt of abandonment is resolved by dangerous offence’s principle. Abandonment’s accomplished modality means behavior menace life and body;if not,behavior is attempt.更多还原