【作者】 裴春燕；

【导师】 李宗平；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的高速发展，交通运输行业也进入了前所未有的高速发展时期。道路、桥梁等交通基础设施的建设也是如火如荼。高速公路等高等级基础设施的客观发展需要与基础设施建设资金相对短缺的矛盾促使我国从1988年开始对贷款修建的交通设施进行收费。而在对交通设施收费期间又出现了由于车流猛增引起的收费站排队现象，我国城市城市道路桥梁(在此是指横跨河流、江河等具有道路性质的传统桥梁，以下简称城市桥梁)的交通“瓶颈”问题尤为严重。为了解决这一问题，我国引入“年票制”并在重庆、武汉等桥梁较多的城市实行。实行“年票制”可以促进均衡利用道路资源、减少各路段繁琐收费以及帮助政府减轻债务压力，但违背了“谁受益，谁交费”的原则，交通基础设施使用公平性这一问题引发社会的广泛关注。随着交通量的逐步增大，单靠扩建来缓解供需矛盾并不是非常明智，届时拥挤收费将成为需求管理的主要方式。随着交通量的逐步稳定、路网建设的逐步完善，整个城市的交通网络平衡将显得尤为重要。本文以交通基础设施之一的城市桥梁作为研究对象，按照上述情况，有针对性的随着交通量增加的每一个阶段进行费率计算。本文第一部分首先对我国收费桥梁的历史做了简单的介绍，从收费还贷到经营收费，再到目前比较热门的“年票制”，以及在不久的将来面临大交通量的问题时会涉及到的宏观控制收费。第二部分首先从费率计算相关因素角度分析的与城市桥梁收费有关的城市桥梁收费特性以及我国在收费道路桥梁方面的相关法律和政策。第三部分到第五部分是本文的重点，分别为还贷收费、经营性收费、拥挤收费以及交通平衡收费制定符合自身特点的费率计算方法，将边际费用和交通平衡分配的概念引入城市桥梁收费当中，介绍了不同目的下的城市桥梁收费费率制定的模型及算例。本文总结的城市桥梁收费费率的制定方法将对今后城市桥梁的收费费率的制定乃至整个城市道路路网收费有着一定的积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economics in our country, industry of traffic and transportation goes into a period with high developing speed. Building of basic traffic elements such as road and bridge boom rapidly. the financial problems made our country start to toll for using the traffic elements since 1988, but the queuing problem at toll-gate comes around when the traffic flux is more than afford. And the road bridge inside cities is the most serious part. Many cities which have these problems try to bring in a new conception "one year pass" to face up with it, such as Chongqing and Wuhan. "one year pass" has many benefits such as balancing the traffic flux on road, saving times for users and releasing the financial press of government. But the justice problem appears again. The "one year pass" breaks the principle of "who use, who pay". With the increase of traffic flux, only building more traffic elements is not a wise choice, congestion pricing will become the most valuable administering mode. And also when the traffic flux goes calm, traffic network becomes more ideal, the network equilibrium of the whole cites will become more important then.We study on one of the basic traffic elements—urban bridge, focus on every phase divided from traffic flux, analysis the methods of toll-ratio.First, we introduce the history of toll-bridge in our country, from refunding toll, administrating toll, "one year pass" to macroscopically command toll.Second, we analysis the characteristic correlative diathesis of toll-ratio, also whrite some codices and polices of urban toll-bridge.Third, we introduce the toll-ratio for different purposes, take some new conception just like marginal cost and traffic equilibrium assignment, and also give the modals out.What we analysis in the paper will make sense not only to the urban toll-bridge but also the whole traffic network.更多还原