【作者】 李彦军；

【导师】 姜任秋；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 增压锅炉技术是大型蒸汽动力装置关键技术之一，其热力性能参数变化规律和动态特性与常规锅炉有很大的差别。本文以ΚΒΓ4型增压锅炉为研究对象，通过理论分析及计算，对增压锅炉涉及的相关理论问题进行了机理层位的分析和解读。本文结合船用常压锅炉型号研制的经验，借助现场勘验及实船运行数据，运用传热学、燃烧学等基础理论，首次绘制出增压锅炉理论图、初步确定了适合增压锅炉的热力计算方法、完整系统地进行了增压锅炉全负荷及部分负荷的热力计算；通过理论分析及计算，得出了稳定工况下锅炉主要性能参数随负荷的变化规律，对增压强化燃烧、传热与流动机理从理论层位上进行了解读；借助集总参数法，建立了增压锅炉各分部参数系统的动态仿真数学模型，应用大型仿真软件进行了数字仿真研究，得出了增压锅炉动态性能变化规律。上述研究为了解增压锅炉装置热动力学特性，寻求改善设备动、静态品质和提高锅炉对外界负荷适应能力提供了一定的理论依据。根据理论分析和仿真计算得到以下结论：本文所确立的传热计算方法基本适合增压锅炉的热力计算，但需借助陆试平台及实船测实数据作进一步修正；增压锅炉低负荷运行时过热蒸汽温度较低，导致锅炉装置及整个动力系统的经济性下降，应在结构上进行改进，设计成半辐射式过热器，使增压锅炉在各种负荷下都能提供较为稳定的过热蒸汽温度；ΚΒΓ4型增压锅炉进、排气管路阻力较大，导致涡轮增压机组没有功率平衡点，在各种工况下都需要涡轮增压机组辅助汽轮机补充功率；锅炉启动时燃料量增加，锅炉的启动时间缩短，但是瞬时升压速度增加；在外部参数扰动时，过热器侧烟气和蒸汽参数反应最为迅速和强烈。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercharged boiler is one of the main power plants for steam power plant, the thermal performance parameters and dynamical characters are different from the conventional boilers. This thesis takes the supercharged boiler of model "КВГ4" as the researching project, does the analyses and unscramble on the key problems of supercharged boilers in the level of physical mechanism with theoretically analyzing and mathematic calculating.Firstly, combining the experience on designing traditional marine boilers for reference, with the data of practical measuring and working performances, on the base of the theory of Heat transfer and Combustion, the theoretic charts of supercharged boilers were drawn for the first time, the thermal calculating methods of supercharged boilers were determined, and the thermal calculation of full and fractional loads were gained. Secondly, the profiles of main performance parameters versus different loads in steady working condition were achieved by theoretically analyses and calculation, the enhanced combustion with pressured gas and the mechanism of heat transfer with the gas flowing were investigated in theory. Thirdly, using lumped method, the mathematic simulation models of dynamic parameters were built for different apparatus respectively, which were applied in the commercial simulation software to do numerical simulation, and the profiles of dynamic parameters were achieved.From this thesis’s research, some outstanding conclusions were gained as follows. The calculation methods selected in thesis are suitable for the thermal calculation of supercharged boilers, which may require further modifying with the test data of land test-bed and practical measurement. The temperature of superheated steam produced in low loads is very low, which may reduce the efficiency of boiler and the whole system, so it requests improvement on the structure. To compensate this shortage, the semi radiation-superheaters may be adopted which can provide steady temperature of superheated steam in different loads. The drag forces in the inlet and outlet pipelines of "КВГ4" are too large to have the power equilibrium point, which result in the requirement of additional power from assistant steam gas turbine. The time of start-up is shorter with the wastage of fuel increasing, and the pressure increases sharply. The parameters of steam and exhaust gas in superheater change quickly and exquisitely, when there is a disturbance from outside.更多还原