【作者】 段利艳；

【导师】 王春明；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 分析化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本硕士学位论文以一种新型吸附材料——活性碳纤维（activated carbon fiber，ACF）为基础，以吸附、分离与处理环境污水中无机及有机污染物为目标，对其表面分别进行了化学修饰和纳米TiO₂固载改性，取得了一些初步的研究结果。主要内容包括：1．低温条件下由TiCl₄直接水解制备了金红石相纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂），同时将其负载于ACF上得到TiO₂/ACF复合光催化剂。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X-ray衍射仪（XRD）、热重量分析仪（TG-DTA）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对所得复合光催化剂晶相和粒径、表面形貌、TiO₂负载量、元素组成及结合态进行了表征分析。SEM照片显示二氧化钛在ACF上以纳米团簇的形式均匀附着；XRD结果表明所得TiO₂/ACF中TiO₂的微晶尺寸为7.02nm，350℃下煅烧后金红石相TiO₂结晶更好，微晶尺寸为9.88nm；TG曲线显示TiO₂在复合光催化剂中的百分含量为46.89％，在ACF上的负载量为0.88g/gACF；XPS分析表明钛元素以Ti⁴⁺（即TiO₂）的形式存在。将煅烧后的TiO₂/ACF应用于未通氧条件下有机染料茜素红S（alizarin red S，ARS）的光催化降解，结果表明TiO₂/ACF具有良好的光催化性能。此光催化剂完美结合了ACF的特殊微孔结构所具有的强吸附能力和TiO₂的光催化性能，且制备和负载方法简单、方便、能耗小。2．开创性地利用酰化、氨解两步有机反应在ACF表面接枝酰胺进行修饰改性。用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对改性前后ACF的表面官能团结构和元素结合态及含量变化进行了表征分析，结果显示，ACF表面成功地引入了酰胺。将改性后的ACF（NH-ACF）应用于水体中Cu²⁺离子的去除处理，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）检测了所处理溶液中的Cu²⁺离子浓度变化，进而得出Cu²⁺离子在NH-ACF上的最大吸附量q_max。实验表明，改性后的ACF比改性前对Cu²⁺的吸附能力显著提高，约是改性前的1.5倍。改性ACF吸附能力的提高可归功于所接枝的酰胺中N原子与Cu²⁺形成了配位键。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, activated carbon fiber （ACF） as a new adsorption material was modified by grafting amide and loading TiO₂ onto its surface, respectively. The aim of the modification is to adsorb, separate the inorganics and degrade organic compound in environmental Wastewater. Our researches have acquired some primary consequence. The main contents are listed as follows:1. The nano-sized titania （TiO₂） powders were synthesized at low tempereture by direct hydrolyzation method and loaded on ACF simultaneously in the reactor. The properties of the TiO₂/ACF combined photocatalyst were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photo spectroscopy （XPS） and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）. SEM photos showed that the particles of TiO₂ aggregated into clusters and were fixed on the surface of ACF. From the XRD results we can found that the crystalline patterns of immobilized TiO₂ before and after calcination were rutile phase and their microcrystalline size was 7.02 nm and 9.88 nm, respectively. The quantity of TiO₂ loaded on ACF was around 0.88 g/gACF according the TG analysis. XPS results suggested that titanium really existed in the form of Ti⁴⁺ （TiO₂）. TiO₂/ACF’s photocatalytic degradation ability was studied using alizarin red S （ARS） as the target organic pollution without sparging air into the solution. The degradation experiments of ARS and cycling usage of photocatalyst indicated that the combined photocatalyst had good photocatalytic reactivity. This kind photocatalyst combined ACF’s strong adsorption ability and TiCVs good photocatalytic reactivity perfectly. This method is of ease, convenience and low cost.2. The modification of ACF by two-step organic reaction of acylation and ammonolysis was carried out, which is never been reported before. It was obvious that amide was successfully grafted onto the surface of ACF according to the results of FT-IR and XPS. In the disposal of Cu²⁺, ACF before and after grafting was applied as its sorbent and ICP-AES was utilized to detect the change of Cu²⁺, concentration. Comparing the maximal adsorption capacity q_max, we found that the modified ACF had the higher adsorption capacity; its q_max value was about 1.5 times higher than the unmodified one’s. The enhancement can be ascribed to the formation of coordination bond between N atom and Cu²⁺.更多还原