【作者】 任海涛；

【导师】 贾登勋；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民商法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “雨水集蓄”是我国缺水地区一种有上千年历史的雨水收集和利用方式。20世纪80年代以来，我国技术人员对传统的雨水集蓄进行了技术革新，雨水集蓄在我国缺水地区取得了良好的效果。关于雨水集蓄的技术理论已经颇为成熟，但是对于雨水集蓄的相关法律问题，现行法没有明确规定，理论界也没有给出最终答案。雨水集蓄在实践中已经成为解决缺水地区人民饮水用水的重要手段，在法学理论和立法领域迫切需要进行研究和界定，本文写作目的是解决雨水集蓄方面的法学和立法问题，如果研究到位，该成果将对我国法治实践提供有益参考。经过研究，本文得出以下结论：第一，缺水地区人民的雨水集蓄权符合基本“生存权”的特征，因此具有“水人权”的性质；第二，我国法律对地表雨水径流没有明定归属，应该属于无主物，所以雨水集蓄行为是民法上的“先占”行为；第三，既然是以“先占”方式取得，雨水收集者对其所收集的雨水享有完全的所有权权能，即占有、使用、收益、处分四大权能。在以上研究的基础之上，本文的结论是需要在立法上将以上问题加以确认，本文结论部分提出了具体、详细的立法建议。在写作过程中，除了使用了文献检索、历史比较、国外立法比较、演绎、归纳等方法外，本文最突出的方法之一是调查研究方法，本文的基本结论都是从实践调查后得出的结论；另一个方法是国际比较，本文在国际比较的基础上得出“雨水集蓄权”是基本生存权和水人权的结论，也是特色之一。对于“水权”的性质、内容方面，国内理论界至今尚无定论，因此本文对于“雨水集蓄权”的性质界定、对于雨水的取得方式和权利内容研究的结论对于解决“水权之争”有很大借鉴之处。此外，结论中提出的立法建议对我国未来立法意义重大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rainwater-harvesting is a kind method of collecting and making use of rainwater which has been existed for thousands of years in the water-lacking area. From 1980 s’, the technology of water-harvesting has been improved constantly, which has resulted in satisfactory effect. The theory of technology of water-harvesting has been mature, but the basic theory of law in this area is insufficient, both in the legislation and the law-theory. So we will research the most basic legal-theory in this area. If this paper were good enough, it will give great help to the legislative practice of our country.Through the research, we conclude these points: at first, the right of the people in the water-lacking area belongs to the right to subsistence and is one kind of the human right to water. Secondly, the laws in our country don’t prescribe the owner of the rainwater, so we consider the rainwater is waif. And the action of collecting rainwater is pre-empted. At the end, Water-collector takes the ownership of the rainwater, namely the four kinds of rights: the right of occupancy, the right of using, the right of lucre and the right of disposal.In the process of writing the paper, in addition to the methods of literature search, comparisons of history or of foreign legislation and so on , the most prominent research method of this paper is Investigation Methods, most of the basic conclusion of this paper is from field investigation; Another research method is international comparisons, with which we conclude the nature of the "rainwater harvesting rights".For the "right to water" in nature, content, the domestic theorists have not yet come to an agreement. So the "dispute of water rights"can learn from our conclusions. In addition, the conclusion of the legislative proposals put forward for China’s future legislation of great significance.更多还原