【作者】 易卫华；

【导师】 张建明；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 流域信息是流域管理研究的重要依据，“3S”技术、数字高程模型(DEM)、Internet技术等为流域管理研究提供海量的流域信息，合理地组织管理好这些海量流域信息对流域管理显得至关重要。本文以宛川河流域为研究区，首先依据1:5万地形图建立研究区高分辨DEM，然后利用Arc Hydro Tools提取流域面积、流域平均坡度、河流长度、河道总长、河道坡度、河网密度和河源密度等流域特征参数，分析比较后确定提取数字流域的集水面积阈值和DEM分辨率。基于Arc Hydro数据模型，利用面向对象Geodatabase数据库，统一要素存储空间坐标系，按照要素所属地区、流域和要素层关系，制定要素唯一标识码HydroID值分配规则，加载宛川河流域边界、水系、河流出水口、水文测站等流域水文地理要素，存储Arc Hydro Tools提取的宛川河流域河网、集水区、集水区出水口等流域汇流区要素，分配要素HydroID值，利用数据库中对象类表归类组织宛川河流域降水、蒸发、流量等时间序列数据，基于流域河网，建立宛川河流域水文网络，建立河网的相对坐标系，构建宛川河流域水文数据库。在宛川河流域水文数据库中，利用HydroID、Shape、Shape_Length、Shape_Area等属性，从要素类型、唯一标识码、长度、面积等方面描述水文要素，利用TSTypeID、TSDateTime、TSValue等属性，从时间序列变量类型、观测时间、观测值等方面描述时间序列，并通过对象类FeatureID与要素类HydroID属性间对应关系关联流域时间序列与水文测站，完成基于水文测站的时间序列数据查询、提取、动态显示和GIS计算，实现水文要素时间属性的表述，达到对整个宛川河流域的水文描述。利用流域河网DraihID和集水区HydroID属性关联，实现两者间——对应关系，根据NextDownID属性，确定河道间及集水区间的上下游关系；网络跟踪流域内主要支流出水口上游河道，确定流域内主要支流出水口、水文测站、水体等水文要素间的上下游关系，计算出流域内水文测站在河网中的相对位置，实现宛川河流域空间的水文连接。通过宛川河流域水文数据库的实例，表明基于Arc Hydro的数据模型有效解决了GIS应用于水文水资源研究和流域管理中遇到的数据共享性差、数据无缝存储困难、水文要素与时间序列集成难、水文要素与河网间缺乏必要的水文联系等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Watershed information is the foundation of hydrological research and water resources management in watershed level, it is important to organize reasonably the mass of watershed information collected from ’3S’ , Internet and DEM.In this study, high resolution DEM in study area is produced from 1:50000 topographical map, which contour interval is 10m in ArcGIS9.0, then watershed features, such as watershed area, average slope of watershed, stream length, total length of stream, channel slope, density of stream network, density of headwaters, were derived by Arc Hydro Tools according to different drainage area threshold and DEM resolution. After statistically analyzed and compared, the conclusions are that the appropriate drainage area threshold is 4km~2, and DEM resolution is 10m. Based on Arc Hydro data model, the hydrographic data, such as watershed boundary, hydrographic net, tributary discharges, hydrometric stations and so on, and the drainage data extracted by Arc Hydro Tools are stored in the Object-Oriented Geodatabase, in which the coincident spatial coordinate system is defined. A ten digit integer HydroID is assigned as unique identification code to each feature in Geodatabase, according to the codes of administrative directorate, hydrological subregion and feature class. The time series data in Wanchuan River watershed, such as precipitation, evaporation and discharge, are storaged in the object class in Geodatabase. Hydro network of Wanchuan River watershed is established with stream network, and the relative coordinate system of stream network is also established.In the hydrological database of Wanchuan River watershed, wanchuan. mdb, the properties of hydrological features, such as shape, unique identifier, length, size and so on , are described by HydroID, Shape, Shape_Length and Shape_Area attributes, and the properties of time series, such as types of valuables, observation time, observation value and so on, are described by TSTypeID、TSDateTime and TSValue attributes. Based on the relationship between FeatureID of time series object class and HydroID of stations feature class, the time series is associated with hydrometric stations, and the integration between time series data and stations can be carried out, and then the query, extraction, dynamic display and GIS calculation of time series data can be completed at the hydrometric stations. Because DrainID of stream network is the HydroID of the associated catchment, the one-to-one relationship between channels and catchments can be established. Channels and catchments upstream and downstream can be traced according to NextDownID, and channels upstream of the main tributary discharges can be identified by network tracking, the hydrological relationship between the main tributary discharges, hydrometric stations, water body and other features is confirmed. According to the relative coordinate system of stream network, the relative position of hydrometric stations in stream network can be calculated. Finally, the hydrological connectivity in Wanchuan River watershed is carried out.By the case study in Wanchuan River watershed, it is provided that Arc Hydro and Geodatabase can meet the challenge of GIS application to hydrological research and water resources management, such as poor data sharing, difficulties in seamless data storage and integration between hydrological elements and time series, lacking of linkage between hydrological elements and stream network.更多还原