【作者】 谢海燕；

【导师】 李亚丹；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪八十年代，辜正坤教授首次提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”。他运用中国传统哲学中的多元认识观，对两千多年以来中外翻译理论家一直争执不下的翻译标准问题进行的全新阐释。“翻译标准多元互补论”的提出不仅打破了传统的一元翻译标准模式，而且推翻了传统的企图建立一个唯一的能判断一切翻译价值并指导翻译实践的翻译标准的设想。然而，多元互补论在经历了最初的“强烈反响”、“几乎使有关翻译标准的讨论成为大会的主旋律”之后，在最近一二十年里似乎并没有引起译界足够的重视，几乎没有人对其进行过全面和系统的研究。在该论文中，笔者将尝试从不同角度对“翻译标准多元互补论”进行细致详尽的研究，挖掘该理论对翻译研究具有的深刻意义，同时也探讨该理论所揭示的哲学意义。本文将从以下几个方面展开对“翻译标准多元互补论”的研究：第一章对“翻译标准多元互补论”作简单的介绍，同时归纳中国译界自该理论提出以来对其的批评和评价。笔者的目的是通过这些介绍和评论让读者对该理论有一个初步客观的了解。第二章分别从国内外译界的时代背景分析互补论产生的原因。从国内译界情况来看，中国传统译论的重点基本都放在对翻译标准的讨论上，其成果虽然颇丰，但是传统译论所处的特定时代背景决定其不可避免要受到历史的局限。从国外译界情况来看，当代西方译论逐渐占据译界的主要话语权，这种情形在给中国译界带来新气象的同时也让中国译界的学术理论天平发生倾斜。辜正坤教授审时度势，提出了以民族性为立足点兼采西学而另铸新辞的想法，他在借鉴中国传统译论的优势的同时，结合西方理论的优点创建了“翻译标准多元互补论”。第三章论述创建多元系统论的哲学基础。多元互补论在我国翻译史上开辟了一条用哲学性多元认识论看待翻译学的新理路。该理论处处体现了中国传统哲学的辨证法思想，尤其是道家思想中的整体认识观、逆向思维、对立统一、量变质变、否定之否定的观点以及相对论和多元认识论等观点。这些哲学观点为互补论提供了坚实的哲学基础。第四章从对多元互补论的结构分析，该理论和中国传统翻译标准的对比研究以及西方翻译理论建构的影响三方面对该理论进行详尽细致的研究，旨在阐释互补论是中西方翻译理论结合的产物。在第一部分中，笔者主要分析了翻译标准系统的建立、标准系统之间的关系以及多元翻译标准存在的客观依据。多元互补论提倡翻译标准的多元性，否定传统标准的一元模式。辜教授将翻译标准划分为绝对标准、最高标准和具体标准，同时指出翻译具体标准的多元性特点取决于客观现实，即翻译的多功能、人类审美趣味的多样化、译者和读者的多层次。第二部分将互补论与传统翻译标准从言说方式和思维模式两方面进行比较研究。从该比较中可以看出，辜正坤教授不仅吸收了传统翻译理论的精华，而且建立了较其更科学系统的多元翻译标准系统。在第四部分中，笔者指出互补论同时也是建立在西方翻译理路之上的。辜教授借鉴了西方翻译理论思维方式来解决建立翻译标准中必须处理的基本问题，即对概念的确定和划分、对翻译本质的认识、对译语接受者以及译者的重视等。基于西方翻译理论的特点和在这些方面所取得的成就，辜教授的多元互补论也具有西方理论所特有的明晰性、理性和科学性的特点。第五章讨论了多元互补论对整个译学理论建设的启示。在发扬传统与西为中用思想的过程中，如何做到既不迷失自我又能博采众长，多元互补论给我们提供了很大的启示。本文尝试从东西方理论思维互补、现代译论和传统译论互补以及翻译研究的多元学科互补三方面论述多元互补论的提出将在译学建设中起到举足轻重的启示作用。同时，多元互补论有着深刻的哲学思想基础，它所反映的规律性不仅适合翻译研究，也具有普遍哲学意义。第六章作为结论部分对“翻译标准多元互补论”作了进一步的总结。作为东西方理论思维结合的产物，互补论内部论证严密客观，具有高度的科学性和理论性。如能够更好地理解其理论精华并对其灵活运用，中国的翻译理论建设将受益匪浅。同时，当前各个学科和领域的研究都倾向于“多元化”和“互补性”，这一事实近一步证实了该理论所具有的前瞻性。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Plural Complementarism of Translation Standard" （PCTS） was first proposed by Professor Gu Zhengkun in the 1980s. Professor Gu formulated his translation theory by taking a dialectical and multi-epistemological viewpoints. By advocating the multiplicity of translation standard, he has not only broken the stereotype of the monism of traditional translation standard, but also demolished the traditional illusion of establishing a unique translation standard that can evaluate all translated works and guide all translation practice eternally.However, since it evoked a "strong echo" and the fact that it "nearly turned the topic of translation standard the theme of the seminar", PCTS hasn’t caught enough attention in the recent decade. It’s also a pity that very few people in the translation theory field make a comprehensive and systematic research on it. In this paper, the author attempts to interpret and analyze PCTS from different angles and also to explore its profound meaning in translation studies and in other disciplines. This paper tries to presents a systematic study of PCTS from the following aspects:Chapter one gives a brief introduction of PCTS and also generalizes those sporadic comments on PCTS. The author hopes, in this way, to give readers a general idea of PCTS.Chapter two analyzes the historical background of PCTS in terms of the situation of translation theory field at home and abroad. On the one hand, even though traditional translation theory has long focused on translation standard, and achieved a lot in this respect, yet it was situated in a specific historical context, so it is inevitable that it is bound to have some historical limitations. On the other hand, contemporary western translation theories have occupied the main discursive power in translation circle since the 20^th century. Although they have infused fresh blood into Chinese translation studies, they’ve also destroyed the balance of Chinese translation studies. Against this background, Professor Gu Zhengkun put forward the idea of taking a national stand and blending the essence of Chinese and western philosophical thinkings, and thus formulated the theory of PCTS.Chapter three is about the philosophical basis of PCTS. By applying philosophical multi-epistemology to the construction of translation theories, professor Gu has opened up a new way of thinking in Chinese translation studies. Meanwhile, he based PCTS on views of dialects, which mainly come from Taoism, such as the dialectic laws from Taoism, the relativism and multi-epistemology of Chuang-tzu and the way of converse thinking. These philosophical ideas have laid solid theoretical foundation for PCTS.Chapter four gives a detailed analysis of PCTS from the following three aspects: its essence as a translation theory; a comparative study of PCTS and traditional Chinese translation theories; a western theoretical thinking. As far as the first part is concerned, the author tries to analyze PCTS in terms of the thinking mode, the dialectic relationship between translation standard and the objective basis of concrete standards. According to PCTS, translation standards should be plural rather than unitary. Professor Gu classifies translation standard into absolute standard, the highest standard and concrete standards. The concrete standards are multiple, which is determined by objective realities such as the multiple functions of translation, the multiplicity of human aesthetic standards and the multi-level of readers and translators. As for the second part, the author has compared PCTS with traditional translation theories in terms of the expressing manners and the thinking modes. This comparison shows that Professor Gu has not only assimilated the essence of the concepts of traditional translation theories, but also established a standard system which is more systematic and scientific than the traditional ones. In the third part, the author points out that Professor Gu has adopted a western theoretical thinking to tackle with some fundamental issues concerning translation standard. He perceives and understands such issues as the classification of terminology, the nature of translation, the status of the receptors as well as the roles of the translators based on the achievement of western translation theories; meanwhile, the characteristics of western theories such as explicitness, rationalilty and scientificity have been reflected in his theory as well.Chapter five discusses the enlightment PCTS may bring to the construction of translation theories as well as other disciplines in China. During the process of carrying forward the tradition and making use of western theories, how can we avoid losing ourselves while learning and making use of the strong points of others? PCTS gives us an answer. This chapter attempts to prove the significant role PCTS plays in translation research from the aspects of complementarity of the theoretical thinking of the east and the west; complementarity of modern translation theory and traditional translation theory and complementarity of multiple disciplines and translation studies. Meanwhile, as PCTS is based on profound philosophical thought, it is not only philosophically significant to translation studies, but also to researches in other disciplines.Chapter six concludes the thesis. As a hybrid of traditional Chinese and western theoretical thinking, PCTS is established systematically and scientifically with an objective and prudent demonstration. It remains greatly helpful to translation studies if its essence has been better understood and been made best use of in a flexible and realistic way. At present, when "multiplicity" and "complementarity" have become the universal tendency in various research fields, the foresight of PCTS on the part of its philosophical thought is especially verified.更多还原