【作者】 郑芳；

【导师】 卢翼翔；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 科技哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 科技自主创新能力是一个国家科技事业发展的决定性因素，是国家竞争力的核心。科技发展需要人才，人才的培养则靠教育。研究型大学是美国科技活动，特别是基础研究的重要执行部门。美国研究型大学在数量上仅占全部高校的6％左右，却从联邦政府获得大部分科技研发经费，发表大量的科技论文，产生了为数众多的诺贝尔奖获得者，培养了大批杰出的科技精英，获取超过90％的高校专利。在美国研究体系中，研究型大学具有承担国家目标任务的明显集结性和研究成果的高度密集性，是美国重要的科研主体，它为国家科技发展做出了重大贡献，在美国科技创新中占有重要的地位，起着重要的作用。研究型大学之所以能在美国科技创新活动中有如此杰出的表现，其根本原因在于：充足的科研经费为美国研究型大学的创新活动提供了坚实的物质基础；有效的科技政策为美国研究型大学的创新活动提供了良好的制度环境；自由、民主、开放的学术环境为美国研究型大学的创新活动创造了适宜的科研文化氛围。如何能够提高我国的科技创新能力，以加快赶超世界科技发展的潮流?笔者认为，科技创新是一项复杂的社会活动，科技发展与创新的根本动力在人，人是这项社会活动中最活跃、最能动的因素。因此，提高国家科技创新能力必须以培养科技人才为前提，要有一个系统的、科学的、全面综合的人才培养体系。根据美国的成功经验，并结合我国实际，我们有必要着重优化我国研究型大学的人才培养体系和科研体系：一是高度重视杰出科研人才的培养与引进，发挥研究型大学的人才集聚效应；二是吸纳充足的科研经费，改善研究型大学的科研条件；三是优化科研体系，提升研究型大学的科研水平；四要加强现代大学制度建设，营造自由的学术环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Innovation is the key factor of a nation’s development of science and technology, it is the core of a nation’s competition. The development of science and technology needs talents, the cultivation of talents depends on education. Research Universities carry out the fundamental researches. American Research Universities account for six percent of total universities in amount, while they get much R&D funds from the Federal Government, published much technological papers, brought out many Nobel Prize gainers, nurtured numbers of technology talents, had more than ninety percent of the university patents. In this system of American R&D, Research Universities are the main parts of American R&D, they make great contributions to the innovation of American’s science and technologyThe reasons reside in the following factors why research universities displayed so great performance in the innovation of science&technology, which are: plenty of financial supports that offered solid physical basis in their innovation activities, effective instructions and regulations that built a good legislation circumstance for their innovation activities, and moreover, a free, democratic and open academic circumstance that made a comfortable research atmospheres around their innovation activities.How to improve the technology innovation ability of our country in order to catch up the trend of world’s technology development? The author thinks that the technology innovation whose most dynamic element is human being is a complicate society activity and human being is the basic power force of this activity. So the cultivation of technology talent should be the premise of the improvement of country’s technological innovation ability, which needs a systemic, scientific and comprehensive system of talent cultivation. According to American successful experience and combined with our country’s reality, it is necessary for us to emphatically optimize the talent cultivation system and scientific research system of our country’s research universities. Firstly we should highly emphasis the cultivation and introduction of the scientific talent and develop the talent’s accumulative effect of the research universities, secondly enough scientific funds are used to improve the research conditions of the research universities , thirdly we should consummate scientific system and elevate the scientific level of the research universities, Fourthly we should strengthen the system construction of modern universities and create free academic environment.更多还原