【作者】 王欣；

【导师】 万仁德；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “三农问题”(农业、农村、农民)是我国现代化进程中的关键问题，农民问题是“三农问题”的核心。因此，实现农民的市民化是解决“三农”问题的主要出路。农民合作经济组织是农民真正自愿组织起来的、自主经营、自主管理的农民组织，是为了解决走向市场中遇到的困难、改变农村的弱势地位而联合起来的合作组织。随着市场经济的进一步发育和完善，以及政府职能的进一步转变，农民合作经济组织将进一步规范化，不仅能够发挥独立经济组织的作用，而且能够在政治上成为政府与农民间的桥梁。本文以陕西省L县N村的一个合作经济组织为个案，重点讨论了农民合作经济组织成立和发展的机制及其存在的问题。农民合作经济组织功能的发挥必须以它的生存和发展为前提。以往对该组织的研究多数集中于经济学，社会学的视角尤其缺乏。笔者引入社会学中的社会资本理论，从合作经济组织的日常行动为切入点，具体分析其建构自身能力和合法性基础的活动，发掘其背后的隐喻，这同时也是本文的创新点。通过研究发现：由于个人社会资本的短缺，在经济博弈中，农民处于弱势地位，而政府又没有有效措施解决该问题，于是在“个人理性”和“熟人社会”的基础上，社区社会资本与精英动员相结合，从而促进了农民合作经济组织的成长与发育。在农民合作经济组织的发展过程中，社会资本发挥了很大的作用。它不仅为合作经济组织争取到了经济支持、人力支持，还有各种政策支持。当然，由于农民合作经济组织内在机制的缺陷，以及组织成员社会资本拥有量的不同，成员的发展也出现不同的状况：拥有社会资本较多的成员，通过合作组织更能扩大自己的社会资本网络，获取更多的利益；而拥有资本量少的成员就只能分到一些边缘利益，甚至得不到预期的收益，即“普遍主义”的退却与“特殊主义”的上升。另外，我国对农民合作经济组织还没有立法，政府也没有真正放权于民，导致合作经济组织的合法性受到怀疑，在实际运作和发展过程中，与政府和企业之间存在着各种矛盾，同时也阻碍了农民合作经济组织的发展，反映在文中主要指“合法性怀疑”与“制度性整合”的缺失，以及在政府和企业之间的困境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issues concerning agriculture, countryside and peasants have become China’s biggest headache and obstacles to modernization; especially peasant’s question is a core of the question. So the peasant’s civilization is the main way to solve the agriculture issues. Rural economic cooperative organization is an organization of peasants, which established by really voluntary, independent management, to solve the problems of rural public goods and agricultural industrialization. With the developing and further improving of market economy, the further transition of government’s function, rural cooperative economic organization can play the role of independent economic organization not merely, and can become the bridge between government and peasant on politics. This thesis will discuss the background and function of rural economic cooperative organization, and the problems of its foundation and development taking a organization in Shanxi province as case.Why does the senior rural economic cooperative organization continue in existence? There are many study of the organization in economics, but are short in sociology. The writer used the social capital theory, researched the daily action of the cooperative organization, and then found that the substantial factors which influence the organization are promotion of social vulnerable position and personal rationality, the relationship net and the action of community quintessence. Based on these, the writer explored the problems in cooperative organization. It’s also the new ideas of this issue.Through the study, the writer found these standpoints. For lack of social capital, peasants are the vulnerable status in market games. The government has no effective policies to solve this problem, so based on individual reason and acquaintance society, the combination of community social capital and quintessence’s mobilization promotes the organization’s development. The social capitals provide many financial, manual labor and policies supports in the process of organization’s development. Because the cooperative organizations have defects, and members have different social capital quantity, the interests that members got is also different, who have more social capital, will get more interests, on the contrary, the members get less or no interests. This is "the reduction of universalism" and "the rising of specialism".In addition, there is no law about the rural economic cooperative organization. The government hasn’t transfer power to lower level, so the cooperation organization is doubted of its legitimacy. In the process of development and gravitation, the organization has more contradiction with government and enterprises. It’s an obstacle to progress. In this thesis, that’s "the doubt of legitimacy" and "the loss of institution’s integration", as well as the difficult position between government and enterprises.更多还原