【作者】 罗涛；

【导师】 兰虹； 陈苑红；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 保险学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 机动车第三者责任保险承保被保险人或其允许的合法驾驶人在使用保险车辆的过程中发生意外事故,致使第三者遭受人身伤亡或者财产损失,依法应由被保险人承担的经济赔偿责任。目前,美国、日本、英国等许多国家都已经以法律条文的形式赋予了机动车第三者责任保险强制性的特征,并分别建立了各自的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度。各国的实践证明:机动车强制三者险制度不仅能够有效地分散交通事故加害人的损害赔偿风险,而且有利于保护受害人的合法权益。在我国,随着经济的不断发展,机动车保有量也不断增加,导致了机动车交通事故发生率逐年上升,使得机动车交通事故的损害赔偿问题正逐步成为一个突出的社会问题。为了缓解社会矛盾,保障机动车交通事故受害人的利益,我国借鉴了发达国家的经验,在2004年5月1日起施行的新《道路交通安全法》中明确规定:国家实行机动车第三者责任强制保险制度,同时设立道路交通事故社会救助基金。这标志着我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的正式实行。虽然在制度建立初期由于相关配套措施的不完善和国家相关部门之间缺乏合作,导致了当时对于机动车第三者责任保险的性质的激烈争论,虽然随着《机动车第三者责任强制保险条例》的出台,这样的争论也随之结束。但是我们不能忽视我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度由于处于建立之初所存在的很多问题。显然,制度的建立离不开理论研究,但现阶段国内对第三者责任强制保险制度的理论研究还不够深入。因此,结合我国具体国情,对我国现有的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的现状和存在的不足进行深入探讨,是一件具有很强理论和现实意义的工作。正是基于此,笔者在本文中,通过对机动车第三者责任强制保险制度相关理论的系统介绍,在总结了我国现有机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的发展历史和存在问题的同时,借鉴了其它发达国家和地区的经验,对我国现有机动车第三者责任强制保险制度中存在的一些理论和实践问题进行了思考,同时针对这些问题提出了一些具有较强可行性的建议。本文的内容主要包括以下五个部分。第一章内容是文章的导论部分,该部分主要论述了论文的研究目的和意义、论文的研究目标和主要研究方法、论文的基本思路和逻辑结构以及论文可能的创新之处和不足之处。从第二章开始至第五章是本文的主体部分。第二章是对机动车第三者责任强制保险制度基本理论的介绍。该部分首先介绍了机动车第三者责任强制保险的起源和发展的过程,同时介绍了机动车交通事故损害赔偿的归责原则,然后对机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的特征、意义做了比较全面的总结,最后探讨了机动车第三者责任强制保险与机动车第三者责任自愿保险的区别与联系。第三章详细介绍了我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的建立过程,同时介绍了我国现有的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的现状,并总结了其存在的一些问题。第四章主要比较了几个典型的国外发达国家的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度。首先介绍了美国、英国、日本的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的发展历史和各国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的主要特征,然后总结了上述国家在实行机动车第三者责任强制保险制度后所积累的主要经验。在第五章中,笔者结合前文所论述的内容,思考了我国现有机动车第三者责任强制保险制度所存在的一些重大的理论和实践问题,同时针对这些问题进行了思考,希望能对如何完善我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度有所裨益。第四章和第五章的内容是本文写作的重中之重,笔者希望运用比较分析的方法,通过研究各个发达国家的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度,总结其有益的经验,进而对如何完善我国的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度提出一些具有较强可行性的建议。本文的主要贡献在于以下几个方面。首先,在选题上,对于如何完善我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的问题进行了有益的探索。以前的研究大多局限在对各个发达国家的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度方面,其主要原因是我国当时还没有建立机动车第三者责任强制保险制度。而本文则重在结合国外发达国家的经验和我国的具体国情来分析解决我国在实行机动车第三者责任强制保险制度后所存在的一些值得探讨的问题,同时对于如何解决这些问题,完善我国的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度提出了自己的意见和看法。其次,在研究方法上,本文更侧重于宏观角度和微观角度相结合,国外经验与我国国情相结合的方法。大多数学者在研究机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的时候往往局限于宏观或者微观的角度去分析问题,或者不顾国情而一律照搬国外的经验。而本文试图用一种全面的观点来分析问题,希望尽量让我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的发展和完善过程能够符合中国国情,尽量不走弯路。另外,本文在研究结果上也有所创新。但是限于数据、资料的不足,本文对于某些问题不能作出更为深入的探讨,这是笔者较为遗憾的事情,希望以后能够有机会弥补。同时由于笔者能力的缺陷,对于某些问题的看法和解决对策可能不够全面,甚至较为偏颇,希望各位老师和同学指正批评。总而言之,笔者希望通过本文能对如何完善我国机动车第三者责任强制保险制度的理论研究工作做出些许贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, the United States, England, Japan and many other countries have already given compulsory characteristics of the third-party liability insurance on motor vehicle with the form of the law ruling, and built up the system of the third party liability compulsory insurance on motor vehicle respectively. The development of the third party liability insurance of those countries proves that such system could not only effectively scatter indemnity risks of anyone who cause traffic accident, but also make assurance of covering the victims’losses.In our country, with the rapid development of economics, the number of motor vehicle increases very fast which result in the traffic accident rate raises year after year, the issue of how to compensate the traffic accident victims’losses becomes a serious social problem. For the purpose of relieve the social conflicts, assure the victims’ interests, our country has profited from the developed countries’experience, new "Road Traffic Safety Law" which promulgated on May 1, 2004 indicated the establishment of the system of the third party liability compulsory insurance on motor vehicle in our country. The establishment of the system can not without theoretical research, but the domestic theoretical study is not enough. Therefore, do some academic research on the compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system in consideration of China’s specific conditions is with strong theoretical and practical significance.The main structure of the article contains five parts. Chapter 1 is the introduction part of the article. It mainly discusses the research background, the meaning of the research, and the contents and methods of the study. The main body of the article starts from chapter 2 to the end. Chapter 2 is an overview of the basic theories of the third party liability compulsory insurance on motor vehicle. That part begins with the characteristic and value of the system, argues the definition of the third party liability compulsory insurance and the relation between traffic accident indemnity system and the third party liability compulsory insurance, and discusses the definition of the insurance accident and whether to have the direct claims on victims to insurers or not. Through the relative analysis methods, chapter 3 gives examples of the development of the third party liability compulsory insurance system in the United States, Japan and Taiwanese regions to illustrate the experience we can draw from those countries. Meanwhile, this part makes an overview of the current development of the third party liability insurance in China. Chapter 4 argues the necessities and possibilities of establishment of the system. From the aspects of the road traffic accident, the principle of the road traffic accident indemnity system and the problems of the motor vehicle insurance management, it illustrates the necessities of the system establishment. And based on the concrete analysis of the implement of "Road Traffic Safety Law", the development of information technique, and the reinstate of motor vehicle insurance market, the article concludes that it is possible to setup the system. In chapter 5, according to the above contents, the writer makes a few policy suggestions towards how to establish the system in our country, such as practice of unifying the rate of premium and the responsibility quota, adopting the management principle of“no earning, no loss”, establishing the entrusting business model, etc.The main contribution lies in the following aspects. First, on topic selection. This paper emphasize on how to improve the system of motor compulsory third-party insurance in our country. Previous studies mainly limited to study the compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system in the developed countries. The main reason is that China has not established the compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system two years ago. But in this paper, writer emphasize in analyzing China’s specific conditions to implement compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system and put forward own opinions and views on how to perfect this system. Secondly, on the idea of the study, this paper focus on the macro view and micro view combined and foreign experience and domestic condition combined method. Most scholars study the compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system more in a macro or micro perspective, or without consideration of the domestic situation and copying the overseas experience. This paper attempts to analyze how to perfect China’s compulsory third-party motor vehicle insurance system with China’s national conditions in a comprehensive perspective.In conclusion, the writer hopes that this paper could make a little contribution to the establishment of the system and the relative research work.更多还原