典型平原区采煤塌陷地复垦方案研究

【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 王国祥；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 人文地理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来我国土地资源特别是耕地资源破坏形势十分严峻，人地矛盾越来越突出。采煤塌陷土地作为我国有效的后备土地资源，通过开发复垦实现土地的可持续利用，可以有效缓解我国的人地矛盾。本文通过对平原区高潜水位的徐州矿区典型采煤塌陷地潘安村的破坏特征分析，在研究塌陷区土地复垦条件的基础上，划分潘安村塌陷地类型，对塌陷地做适宜性评价，并对复垦的方向做出判定。在此基础上，具体设计出农作物种植复垦、基塘复垦和林果种植复垦三种方向的复垦方案。对塌陷前土质肥沃而塌陷后成为中低产田的塌陷地，进行农作物种植方向复垦，设计复垦方案，提出设计标准，通过土地平整、土地改良与开发，以及农田水利、田间道路桥涵、农田防护林等田间工程对农作物种植复垦区进行综合开发。对塌陷区域中的深水区及浅水低湿地，进行基塘方向复垦，对复垦区进行立体种养设计，通过挖塘整理形成鱼塘，发展淡水养殖，鱼塘四周建立养护林网并种植牧草喂养禽畜，形成一个小型鱼、禽、畜综合养殖基地。对塌陷区域中居民搬迁后的废墟，进行林果种植方向复垦，通过土地整理，选择对土壤要求不高，适应性强的苹果、银杏的栽种，在增加农民收入的同时提高生态环境质量。为保证潘安村土地复垦方案顺利实施，对塌陷区域排水系统和灌溉系统进行整体设计，并建立组织制度、政策、管理、技术、资金等保障体系，最后对潘安村土地复垦实施效益进行分析，说明复垦方案的可操作性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years the land resource of our country, especially for farmland resource was reducing by the great scope, so we have the severe problem between land and population. Mining subsided areas are reserve resources, which effectively relieves the contradiction between land and population in China by sustainable usage of developing and recultivating lands.On the bases of analysis of destruction character of Pan-an Village subsided lands, which is situated at Xuzhou Coal Mine, and its recultivating condition , Land suitability of Pan-an Village was evaluated in line with types of Pan-an Village subsided lands. At the same time, the scheme of crop cultivation recultivating, Dike-Pond cultivation recultivating, forest-fruit cultivation recultivating was put forward. That is: l)These areas that are of Middle-low yielded cultivated land, but were fertile before land collapse, will be crop cultivation recultivating. Designed recultivating scheme, put forward design criterion and a series of farm project, such as horizoning land, irrigation works, planting crop prevention forest etc. 2) Wetlands in different deep water will be Dike-Pond cultivation recultivating. Designed three-dimension cultivation, constructed a mini-type synthesized base. 3)Ruins where inhabitants have moved away in the subsided area will be forest-fruit cultivation recultivating. In order to guarantee this land reculvatating plan of Pan-an Village will be carried out smoothly, systematically designed drainage and irrigation system, and set up a series of ensurance measures, such as: organization, policy, management, technology, capital etc. In the end, analyzed on land reculvatating benefit of Pan-an Village, and illuminated the plan maneuverability.更多还原