东汉商业的发展及其相关问题

【作者】 华伟；

【导师】 张进；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 专门史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 两汉工商业发达。但长期以来，学界对东汉工商业研究较少。关于东汉商业，目前主要有两种不同观点：一种认为东汉商业在西汉之后呈衰弱趋势，另一种认为东汉商业仍然保持着繁荣局面。本文基本赞成后者，同时也认为东汉时存在阻碍商业发展的不利因素。首先，东汉时期的商业政策总体上比较宽松，在这样的环境下，商人地位普遍提升，不仅可以自由地从事商业，还可以出任官吏。东汉时期，盐铁业也允许私人经营。其次，东汉的城市更加繁荣，在数量和规模上都有了很大发展。市场贸易的类型呈现多元化，商品种类也很丰富，而市场的组织管理也得到了规范。另外，在边境少数民族贸易、地区贩运贸易以及海外贸易等方面，东汉也都比西汉有所发展。东汉商业发展的同时，也有着一些不利因素。比如豪强田庄经济、官僚经商以及东汉奢侈的社会风气，都对商业的正常发展造成了影响。有鉴于此，一些思想家曾提出应正确引导商业发展的主张，王符就是比较突出的代表。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Western and Eastern Han Dynasty industry and commerce is developed. But for a long time, the educational circles are studied to the Eastern Han Dynasty industry and commerce less.The commerce about the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly there are two kinds of different views at present: One kind thinks the commerce presents the weak trend after the Western Han Dynasty in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Another kind thinks the commerce still keeps the prosperous situation in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This text basically agrees with the latter, There is unfavourable factor of hindering commercial development in being thought in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the same time.First of all, the commercial policy of the period is looser generally in the Eastern Han Dynasty, under such an environment, Businessman status promote generally, can since by engaged in the commerce not merely, Can also take the post as the government official. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the salt iron industry allows individuals to manage too.Secondly, the city of the Eastern Han Dynasty is more prosperous, all grow a lot on quantity and scale. The pluralism has appeared in the type of trade of market, the type of merchandize is very abundant too, and the organizational management of market has got the norm. In addition, in the frontier national minority trade, the area trade as well as the overseas trade aspect,Develop to some extent than the Western Han Dynasty too in the Eastern Han Dynasty.While the commerce develops in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there are some unfavourable factors too. For example despot’s country estate economy, bureaucrat engage in trade and luxurious social conduct in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Have caused influence on the normal development of the commerce. In view of this, some thinkers should put forward the correct opinion of guiding commercial development, It is more outstanding representatives that Wang agrees with.更多还原