《断背山》背后的道德困境

【作者】 陈君；

【导师】 王晓英；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 同性恋题材的文学作品古已有之，但是在很长时间里因为社会伦理道德和宗教教义的态度，一直都颇受指摘非议，文学批评也很少选取此类作品作为研究对象。这使同性恋文学长期处于被忽略的状态，而它所表现和反映的同性恋亚文化、同性恋者在传统道德观念面前的困顿、同性恋者如何寻求内心的平和等等，也因此而鲜为人见。美国20世纪女作家安妮·普露以其短篇小说《断背山》向读者展示了19世纪60年代到80年代两位来自偏远地区的男子背俗而刻骨铭心的感情。本文从故事发生的时代背景、自然环境、社会文化道德氛围和主人公内心的冲突变化等角度，对《断背山》中不寻常的感情进行了解读，对作品富于特色的语言和结构对表现作品思想、传达作者写作意图方面的作用进行了分析，由此展现出小说作者对同性感情产生和延续的理解，对人类情感力量的肯定和对作为弱势群体的同性恋者在追求个体幸福和遵守社会规训之间无奈挣扎的悲悯和思考。通过对小说情节发展的三个阶段多角度的讨论，文章对异性恋话语权为主的社会中，同性恋群体的社会地位及其身份认同进行了客观的思考和讨论、对处于传统文化压力下和错综复杂的社会关系中的同性恋者，在遵循道德规范和满足自身需要之间寻找平衡点时经验的彷徨、冲突和挣扎作出了批评和分析，并期望以此引发读者对同性恋者和异性恋者都必须面对的道德定位和人性归属的探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Literary works on homosexual has appeared in ancient time as early as in antient Greece and Rome, while due to the position social ethics and religious doctrines hold, they have been receiving much censure and reproach. Even literary criticism would avoid focusing research on these materials. These facts keep literature on homosexual in the corner of being ignored. As a consequence, the culture of homosexuality, confusion and conflicts of homosexual in facing traditional moralities and how homosexual pursue peace in mind reflected in and shown by literature on this theme were of the inferior attention.With her short story Brokeback Mountain, contemporary American writer Edna Annie Proulx tells reader the deep affection, lasting from 1960s to 1980s, overwhelming but unconventional of two rough man from undeveloped and conservative countryside in the United States. Through perspectives of the time and age, natural surroundings, contemporary social ethics and culture and conflicts and changes inside the heroes, this thesis analyzes the unconventional affection between two men. It also studies how language characteristics and structure of the text contribute to expressing the meaning of the text and the author’s intention in writing such a story. By the above means, the author’s understanding on how affection between the same sex grows and lasts, her appreciation of the force in people’s affection inside and her bemoaning and thinking on the group of homosexual confused and suffered in dangling between the pursue of happy life and the abidance of social conventions. Through intensive study of the three phases in the development of the plot, the thesis has its discussion and researches into social position and identity acknowledgement of homosexual in the world reigned by the voice of heterosexual as the most powerful stream and its analysis and criticism of wonder, hesitation, conflict and struggle experienced by homosexuals in a complex social relationship under the pressure of traditional culture when they are searching for balance between complying to social ethics and meeting their own need, and the writer hopes sincerely that more discussion could be spread on ethic principles and peace of mind that both homosexual and heterosexual have to face and want to satisfy.更多还原