【作者】 高蕾；

【导师】 汪少华；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 文学在人类精神和社会生活中占据极其重要的位置，与其它文体相比，文学文体具有较强的意义双重性，即其表层意义与深层意义往往相距甚远，其中包含的隐喻意义一直以来都是文学批评家和语言学家研究的重点之一。传统语言研究中隐喻仅仅被认为是对常规语言的一种变异，是一种用于修辞话语的修辞现象；而且隐喻式表达被排除在常规语言范畴之外，也就是说常规语言不包括隐喻。传统的隐喻理论中有许多直接解释隐喻的运作方式，但往往偏于一隅，未能全面地揭示隐喻的运作机制。这些传统隐喻理论受到现代隐喻研究的强有力的挑战：隐喻是“语言无所不在的原理”；隐喻意义是“两个类属不同的语义场之间的语义映射”(I.A.Richards，1994)。传统修辞学中的隐喻被重新定义为“隐喻表达”，它是跨语义场映射的表层实现方式。本文试图从认知语言学的角度来阐释和分析文学隐喻的机制及其应用。认知隐喻理论认为，隐喻不是一种语言现象，而是认知现象。它是一种思维方式，是理解抽象概念最重要的手段。我们赖以进行思维和行为的日常概念系统，在本质上也基本是隐喻的。为了便于表达和理解文学作品中的深层含义，人们经常将其隐喻化。即通过人类熟悉的，具体的思想或概念去理解和表达复杂的，抽象的或不那么确定的概念。在中英文不同隐喻的表达中，隐喻的理解与应用是建立在源语作者和目标语读者之间共享概念的基础上的，也就是说他们必须对喻体有共同的认知概念。隐喻的本质就是用一种事物理解和体验另一种事物(Lakoff，1980)。所以隐喻要涉及两个认知领域，是两个认知领域的语义互动。本文着重探讨了隐喻在文学作品中的工作机制，即映射与整合，以及文学隐喻的应用，从认知的角度作了较为详细的论述，通过对比中英文作品中不同的隐喻表达的理解和分析，进一步证实和发展了当代隐喻理论，即抽象概念主要是通过隐喻来形成和理解的，而概念隐喻存在着认知普遍性和文化相对性。这些结论应用于教学中对我们有着重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 literature plays an important role in human’s spiritual and social life. Compared with other styles, literature genre has a strong dualism in meanings, that is to say, there is often a distance between the surface meaning and the deep meaning in literary language. The metaphorical meaning in literature has always been the focus of literary criticism and the linguistic study.In traditional research, metaphor is only a variation of ordinary language and a rhetorical phenomenon; in addition, metaphorical expressions are excluded from ordinary language. The traditional theory now faces the challenge of modem metaphor research: metaphor is "an omnipresent principle in language"; metaphorical meaning is "a semantic mapping in two semantic fields" (I.A.Richards, 1994). Metaphor in traditional rhetoric is redefined as "metaphor expression", which is a surface meaning mapping in cross-semantic fields. Metaphor now is a human thinking phenomenon and "all languages are metaphorical" (Lakoff, 1980).This thesis aims to explain and analyze the mechanism and use of metaphor from a cognitive point of view. Cognitive linguistics has abandoned the idea that metaphor is only a figure of speech. Instead, many scholars now hold that metaphors are cognitive processes that help to create and maintain people’s view of culture and play a significant role in their capacity to conceive expressions in literature. As a basic cognitive structure, metaphor helps us to comprehend a relatively abstract concept by virtue of a more concrete concept, which is thus called conceptual metaphor. The comprehension and use of metaphor is based on the common notion of the author and the target language readers when reading metaphors in Chinese and English works, that is to say, the author and the reader must have the same cognitive conception to the vehicle. The nature of metaphor is to understand and experience an object through another object (Lakoff, 1980). Therefore, metaphor must deal with two cognitive fields and it’s a semantic interaction in two cognitive fields. This thesis makes a relatively detailed study on the use of metaphor in literature as well as the contrastive study on comprehension and analysis of metaphors in both Chinese and English works from the cognitive perspective instead of the traditional viewpoint of metaphor. The thesis introduces blending theory and conceptual theory, as well as the mechanism of metaphor that includes mapping (source domain to target domain) and integration. This research reinforces and develops some theories of the contemporary cognitive approach to metaphor: Abstract concepts are largely conceptualized and comprehended via metaphor; and conceptual metaphor is characterized by cognitive universality and cultural relativity. In addition, this research will, to a certain extent, be helpful and instructive for teaching English and Chinese literature in class.更多还原