【作者】 王健；

【导师】 唐颖；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 反拨作用或反拨效应是指测试对教学和学习的影响,它经常和给受测试者带来重大决定或带来重要后果的“高赌注”考试相联系。大学英语四级考试,作为“高赌注”考试,对大学英语教学既有正面影响,也有负面效应。为了提高测试效度,进一步发挥其正向反拨作用,大学英语四级考试一直进行改革。这些改革措施真正取得了设计者所期望的效果了吗?令人遗憾的是在这方面的实证研究并不多。本研究的目的是分析大学英语四级考试历年的改革,并探索四级考试本身及其改革对大学英语教育的影响。调查所采取的研究方法有分析历年四级题型和内容变化,调查问卷,课堂观察和访谈。调查对象是来自长春四所高校和吉林市一所高校的82名大学英语老师和521名大一和大二非英语系专业的本科生。研究结果表明大学英语四级正向考察学生综合使用英语能力的方向改革,并不断采取措施降低其作为“高赌注”考试的影响力。虽然四级改革对英语教学和学习产生了影响,但其作用受到来自其自身题型和内容、教师、学生和社会等因素抑制。调查揭示四级考试的正向反拨作用大于其产生的负面作用,四级反拨作用在不同的参与者身上产生的强度有所不同。研究还表明四级反拨作用存在于英语技能培训的整个过程,也体现于学生学习英语的动机,学校所采取的教学政策和老师对待英语教学和四级考试的态度上。在调查结果的基础上,作者提出了提高大学英语四级考试对大学英语教育正向反拨作用的建议:使大学英语四级所有参与者理解英语的教学目标,对四级题型和内容进行深度改革,推行口语考试,对教师进行培训,并提供必要的帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Washback refers to the influence of testing on teaching and learning. It is often associated with“high-stake”tests, whose results have a major impact on the lives of the test-takers. As a“high-stake”test, CET4 exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on English education. In order to increase its validity and achieve more beneficial washback, CET4 is constantly under reform. Does its reform achieve its intended effects? However, few empirical researches have been performed on it.The purpose of the present study is to analyze the change of CET4, and to explore what are the washback effects of CET4 and its reform on English education. The methodological techniques to be applied are the analysis of the previous CET4 papers, the questionnaires, classroom observations and interviews. The subjects are 82 college English teachers and 521 non-English major students (grade 1 and grade 2) from 5 universities in Changchun and Jilin City.The results show that CET4 is moving to measure students’general abilities to use English, and that it is taking measures to weaken its power as a“high-stake”test. Although CET4’s reform exerts some influence on English teaching and learning, it is counteracted by the factors from its format and content, teachers, students and society. The study also reveals that CET4 engenders more positive washback than negative one, and that the intensity of washback varies in different participants of the test. What’s more, the research exposes that the evidence of CET4 washback exists in the process of English skills training, the students’motivations, the policies of colleges, and the teachers’attitude toward tests and teaching.Based on the findings of the research, strategies for improving the positive washback of CET4 have been proposed. They are making the language teaching goals explicit to the stake-holders of CET4, introducing further reform of CET4 formats and contents, adopting CET-SET as an obligatory test, and offering training and assistance to teachers.更多还原