【作者】 樊磊；

【导师】 赵英兰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 历史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近代以来,我国东北地区一直是各地移民流向的主要目的地之一,同时也是历代政府所关注的战略要地,帝国主义列强长久以来也对东北虎视耽耽,沙俄与日本大肆地向东北进行殖民。政府针对移民制订的各项政策也与东北移民的数量以及特点有着密切的关系。早在清朝初年,清政府迁都北京后,就出台了《辽东招民开垦令》,目的在于充实东北地区的人口并且开垦东北地区的土地。到清中期,为了保护旗人的利益,清政府对东北地区又采取了封禁的策略。在对东北封禁了200多年后,迫于国内太平天国等农民起义与沙俄制造的东北边疆危机压力,清政府又转变了对东北的态度,开始对东北进行“移民实边”。从清政府对东北移民态度上的转变,可以看出清政府对东北的重视程度。清王朝覆灭,国民政府成立以后,依然延续清末“移民实边”的策略,面对东北和西北的日益严重的边疆危机,国民政府出台了一系列政策,力图稳定边关、缓解关内难民压力、增加政府财政收入,其中纲领性文件《国有荒地承垦条例》有效地鼓励了各地移民流向边关从事土地开垦。与西北相比,东北地区承载移民的能力更强,资源更丰富,与中央政府的关系更加密切,所以说,国民政府出台移民政策的侧重点在于东北地区。在国民政府的鼓励与移民迁出地政府与东北地方政府的配合下,移民大量涌入东北地区从事农业开垦,民国时期成为关内向东北移民的高峰期。民国时期政府出台的移民政策一直对关内向东北地区的移民数量、移民特点以及东北地区的开发产生着深远的影响,具有一定的研究价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern times, relations within the northeastern region of immigrants, the history of China is the largest mobile population, the large number of immigrants moving into the northeast region of the historical process produced a huge and far-reaching impact. Thus, the northeast issue of immigration, the population in China has always been the history of social history in the field of a noteworthy major problems.When considering the reason of immigration which is Immigrants climax ,in addition to the traditional reason that the people had to immigrate to orher palces for the deterioration of living environment in areas of north China, which meant the people have no means to earn life.With the government to actively encourage the northeastern region of immigrants and put forward a series of policies, immigration is the cause of the Republic of the new features.This is the immigration policy from the perspective of immigrants in the northeast study.The first part of the Qing government against immigrants in the Northeast to the changes in attitude are discussed and the early Qing’s empire of china.Government of Qing’s empire of china moved the capital to Beijing, caused the sparsely populated northeastern region, the situation of land lying idle. The government is aware that such adverse circumstances, the Qing Dynasty started in the tactics of the people to cultivate the land, During the introduction of a more representative, "the Liaodong strokes of the reclamation", northeast China therefore to a certain recovery. And in the mid-Qing Dynasty, in fact, the government banned the Northeast, Northeast continued for a very long historical period closed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty to the government of Qing’s empire of china is facing a series of crises, the lifting of the Northeast region for as long as 200 years of the 1950s, Ken up land, migrate to the borderlands. By Ching immigration policy historical retrospective, can be seen in the Northeast Modern immigration status with government policy have close relations, In the same time period for the government to encourage immigration policy and provide a historical basis.After the founding of the Republic of China, the Nationalist government on the question of migration with a positive attitude. still continue to the end of the Qing Dynasty migrate to the edge ideas, and on this basis, further play by the government in the cause of immigrants on the role of encouraging the Northeast and the Northwest immigrants. The second part of the Republic of China after the establishment of the historical background, the government introduced immigration policies intended The government of the northeastern region of concerns and immigration policy introduced for exposition and analysis of the national government issued a series of policies to encourage immigration. One of the most specific and comprehensive immigration policy, "the state-owned wasteland for cultivation of the" adoption of this policy analysis, understand the national government to "migrate to the borderlands" the determination and urgency of the psychological, Northeast of natural observation, I believe that the Northeast region is the government immigration policy targeted focus.The third part of the main output from the immigrants and migrants moving to the point of the analysis. Central government encourages immigration attitude by the local government with the support of the community. Whether migrants output to the government or to accept immigrants in the northeastern local government has taken a series of measures in transportation, accepted resettlement and relief immigrants also played a role. Output immigrants to move with the joint efforts, to a large extent, the Northeast for the development of the cause of immigrants.Finally, in the period surrounding the immigration policy to promote the achievements that have been scored, from the positive and negative aspects of these two immigration policy evaluation. Although such policies have achieved some results, but there are also many drawbacks, the Chinese society at that time, both internal and external, and the national government have the class nature of this policy decision can be made to further results.Migration of the country and the stability of society, must not be overlooked, and the government on the question of migration has played a crucial role, In the period of the Northeast and its immigration policies in the northeast region, the impact of today, For us, there are still some implications.更多还原