【作者】 杨茜淋；

【导师】 胡仁霞；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 美国作为世界主要经济大国,对外的直接投资遍布世界各个主要国家和地区。美国是中国吸引外资的主要来源国,其在华企业已经成为推动和维系两国经贸关系健康发展的重要力量和积极因素。本文在明确了国际投资基本内涵的基础上,从外国直接投资理论出发,阐述了美国在华投资的发展历程、主要特点及经营战略,分析了美国对华直接投资对我国的影响,预测了美国对华直接投资的趋势,并针对我国如何更好地利用外资提出了建议。这些意见包括制定适应的方针政策,进一步扩大利用美国直接投资的规模,提高利用美国直接投资的质量、水平和效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 After entering the 21st century, economic globalization is having been accelerated further. As a link between the countries, the international direct investment bring the host country with capital and technology and international markets, and promote economic development in the host country. More than 400 of U.S.’s 500 biggest companies have invested in China. The United States has become China’s largest foreign investment. U.S. direct investment in China at the end of 2005 was a total of 49,006 items of the project and the contracts are amount of 112.12 billion U.S. dollars, with actual investment of 51.09 billion U.S. dollars.Based on the theory of international direct investment, this paper introduces the development process and main characteristics and operating strategy for the presentation and analyze the impact on China of direct investment from United States. U.S. and forecast trends of direct investment from the USA to China, and make better use of foreign capital in view of the proposal.The full text is divided into five parts:The first part of the system of international direct investment is about the theory expounded. The main contents include international direct investment, the basic characteristics of international direct investment and international investment theory. These theories include the dominant theory Raubenheimer, Victoria agricultural product life cycle theory, Carson’s theory Denning’s internal and international production compromise theory. The second part of direct investment in China from the United States is about the development process and major features. U.S. direct investment in China is broadly divided into three main phases. The first stage is from the reform and opening up to 1991, which is the exploration and formative stage. At this stage, American companies invested in China in relatively small investment size. The second stage is from 1992 to 2002, in which the United States invested in China increased sharply, and was rapid expansion of the scale of the period. At this stage, based on its own development process, the scale of investment in the United States was in a growing process. The third stage was from 2003 onwards, in which the United States direct investment in China had a downward trend. The second part has also introduced the distribution and main features. U.S. investment in China’s industrial enterprises is in the broader area especially in the manufacturing industry. Distribution in China mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai-rim region at the center of three economic developments. In order to promote the central and western regions, American investment in China by multinational corporations as the main international level is very high, with the following features. First across the operating companies focus on the localization, localization, product development is the most important performance. Secondly, in terms of access time speaking, U.S. direct investment in all countries and regions in direct investment in China after China’s Hong Kong region. China is the second investment into the country (region). In this, profit of the U.S.-funded enterprises in China’s is good. The longer the investment period is, the better the profitable situation is. Finally, the vast majority of investment in China which are in production, marketing and investment recovery are so successful, mainly because the United States enterprise are high standard, the management advanced, and focus on long-term development strategy.The third part is about the operating strategy of American investment in China. The United States at different times on different investment strategies, first by low-cost strategy using cheap labor to reduce its production costs, is a "cost-oriented" investment. After the start of the 20th century to the 1990s market strategy, investment strategy to gradually "and the heavy costs and the market" changes. There is also a third part of the U.S.-funded enterprises in China’s successful business strategy, including the exact positioning of products and services. gathered strategic objectives, cost-concession strategy, technology innovation strategy.The fourth part analyzes the trend of U.S. direct investment in China. China is now in the mid-industrialization. Capital investment and accumulated quite a long period of time will be a key factor in promoting economic development. With the accelerated development of economic globalization, the foreign direct investment of the United States multinational corporations further developed. Trade liberalization, financial globalization and the globalization of investment provided the impetus for the United States to support the overseas investment of transnational corporations, create the necessary conditions. Of course, economic globalization has also brought to the United States by external pressure. In these factors together, the U. S’s direct investment has the following trends. First, the United States enterprises with investment in China will continue to expand the scope and intensity, with the accelerated process of economic globalization. And China’s accession to the World Trade Organization has ended the transition period. China’s commercial environment has been improved to increase the company’s confidence in investing in the United States. Second, transnational mergers and acquisitions will become the main mode of entry for transnational corporations. American multinationals in the early days of reform and opening up new access methods commonly used in China, including joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned cooperative. In recent years, with China’s accession to the WTO, and the establishment and improvement of China’s legal system, the reform of state-owned enterprises are gradually deepening. The steady progress in the reform of the equity division, the United States multinational corporations began to enter China in the form of mergers and acquisitions. Third, the way of investment will from the joint venture to solely venture, in 1984 the U.S. direct investment in China, of which 60% joint venture. But in recent years as China’s entry into the WTO, to further develop the Chinese market, China’s relaxation of restrictions on foreign-funded enterprises. American companies prefer to set up wholly-owned enterprises in China. Finally, the U.S. investment in the service industry has gradually become the focus of U.S. investment in China a wide range of fields, and manufacturing. However, with China’s accession to the WTO trade in services to the outside world, the service industry has gradually become the focus of U.S. investment in China.Part five analyzes the positive and negative impacts of U. S’s invest in China’s and the measures to deal with these impacts .Positive impact on foreign direct investment are the followings: the investments of foreign companies have eased lack of funds in China, promoted China’s economic development and technological progress and industrial upgrading, created a large number of job opportunities and continue to promote the growth of China’s exports. Negative impacts are the followings: large foreign direct investment (FDI) lead to the core technology deficiency and inhibit the growth of China’s infant industries. In a certain extent, the United States direct investment enlarged the expansion of China’s industrial deviation and increased the unbalanced regional economic development. In view of these, We should keep an eye on the grand goal of building a well-off society in China and China’s western development strategy and has joined the WTO with the new situation, to draw up suitable policies to further expand the use of U.S. direct investment scale U.S. direct investment and increase the quality standards and efficiency. Overall, we should consider two aspects: On the one hand, the relations of trade and economic between the two countries are developing rapidly. It has become an important pillar of Sino-U.S. relations. Therefore, we should improve the environment and continue to make efforts to attract FDI to the United States. On the other hand, against problems that exist in the process, we must take appropriate measures to prevent a negative impact.更多还原