【作者】 叶劲松；

【导师】 蔡敬民； 陈天虎；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以合肥市农贸菜市场上的蔬菜类废弃物为堆肥原料，人工调控培养箱温度模拟工业堆肥过程，分别从微生物和酶活两个角度，对好氧降解过程初期阶段进行了研究，并且同时探讨揭示了微生物、酶活和有机物降解三者之间的密切联系及其生化机理。应用四种培养基：全培养基(牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基)，细菌培养基，真菌培养基，放线菌培养基；三个不同的培养温度：37℃，45℃和55℃。测定的生化指标为还原糖，淀粉酶，脂肪酶，蛋白酶，果胶酶，纤维素酶和半纤维素酶。结果表明：37℃微生物、45℃微生物和55℃微生物数量的高峰期分别滞后于堆体高峰温度2天左右时间。堆温培养的微生物数量呈现“高—低—高”，但是这只是处于活跃状态的那部分微生物的数量变化规律。微生物的六种水解酶活显示，随着温度的上升，酶活快速下降，在高温末期，又开始升起，整体呈现V型走势。淀粉酶活、蛋白酶酶活、脂肪酶活、纤维素酶活和半纤维素酶活在好氧堆肥后期的的上升，预示着堆料中仍然存在有大量未降解的底物，堆肥仍然没有腐熟。好氧堆肥高温期前后有机物降解较快，高温期有机物降解缓慢。活跃的嗜温微生物数量在堆肥升温时快速下降，进而影响到酶的分泌，导致有机物降解速度变慢：堆体降温后，45℃嗜热微生物的大幅上升，以及37℃嗜温菌的部分恢复活跃，导致水解酶大量分泌，故有机物降解速度加快。同时研究还表明，比55℃稍微低的温度更有利于有机物的降解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetable wastes in Hefei agricultural market were composted on bench scale for 6 days, simulating the industrialized composting process according to its temperature change by manually regulating incubator temperature. The initial stage of aerobic composting process was researched and evaluated from the angles of microbiology and enzymology, revealing the inside biochemical mechanisms behind the close correlations between microorganisms, enzyme activities and organic biodegradation. Total microorganism,bacteria,actinomyces and fungi were incubated in 37℃, 45℃and 55℃, respectively. Reducing sugar, lipase activity, protease activity, amylase activity, pectase activity, cellulase activity and xylanase activity were determinated.Results demonstrated: the reached-peak-time of the quantities of 37℃-cultured, 45℃-cultured and 55℃-cultured microorganisms, respectively, were delayed about two days. Composting-temperature-cultured microorganisms, quantitatively indicating the high-low-high, were only those who kept active in whole microbial population. The six hydrolytic enzyme activities decreased with temperature increase and started to rise at the late stage of high temperature. The increase in lipase activity, protease activity, amylase activity, cellulase activity and xylanase activity indicated still immaturity of compost as a result of existence of much substrate.Biodegradation of Organic matters was performed quickly before and after high temperature, whereas slow during high temperature because active microorganisms under high temperature stress reduced the secretion of enzymes. The fermentation temperature slower than 55℃was proved suitable for organic degradation in aerobic composting processs.更多还原