【作者】 徐婷婷；

【导师】 费业泰；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着测量手段的不断更新和测量精度等级的不断提高，由温度引起的热变形在测量总误差中所占的比重越来越大。本文在国家自然科学基金项目“机械配合热变形误差的基础理论与应用研究”(项目编号：50075023)和“复杂规则机械形体热变形误差基础理论及应用研究”(项目编号：50475069)的支持下，同时在原有三维热变形实验装置的基础上，进行了三个方面的改进。将原有仅能测出恒温箱内空间温度的测温装置改进为能直接测出被测工件表面实际温度的高精度测温系统，有效地提高了测温精度，为热变形温度误差的修正提供保证。在原有只能测量简单机械形体热变形误差的基础上，为了能够完成对复杂规则机械形体形状参数热变形误差的测量，将原有三维测量装置改进为四维装置，从而方便并且准确地完成对非常规形状参数的测量，文中以渐开线圆柱齿轮为例，对热变形齿形误差的测量进行了详细讨论。原有装置的测长标准量装置为双频激光干涉仪，由于其价格昂贵，而且调整光路麻烦的缺点，在本文提出了一种全新的测量方法，即用高精度的量块组取代双频激光干涉仪作为长度标准量装置，从而方便地实现对工件热变形量的测量。经过改进后的四维高精度热变形实验装置用于实际热变形测量时，测量精度明显提高，可测量的工件种类增多，为进一步验证相关机械形体热变形理论提供了更有力的保证。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing improvement of measuring methods and accuracy, thermal deformation caused by temperature change is taking an increasingly large proportion in the total measuring error. With the support of the NSFC Basic Theory and Application Research of Thermal Error in Mechanical Fitting(No. 50075023) and Basic Theory and Application Research of Thermal Error of Complex and Regular Mechanical Parts(No. 50475069), three aspects of improvement has been made based on the existing three-dimensional experimental apparatus.The existing temperature-measuring device that can only measure the spatial temperature in the thermostated container is improved to a high-accuracy temperature-measuring system that can measure the actual surface temperature of the part, which efficiently increases the accuracy of temperature measurement and guarantees the correction of temperature error. In order to measure thermal error of complex and regular mechanical parts, the existing measuring apparatus is improved to a four-dimensional apparatus, which can easily and accurately measure non-regular shape parameter. Involute cylindrical gear is taken as an example in this paper, and the thermal tooth error is discussed in detail. The existing standard apparatus for length measurement is two-frequency laser interferometer. Considering its drawbacks of expensive price and the trouble of adjusting light path, a new measuring method is presented in this paper. In this new measuring system, high-accuracy gauge blocks substitute for the interferometer as the standard length-measuring apparatus to implement the thermal deformation measurement.The accuracy of the four-dimensional high-accuracy experimental apparatus is increased obviously in the measurement of thermal deformation. And the kinds of the workpiece that can be measured are increased. Therefore, stronger guarantee is provided for the theory of thermal deformation of mechanical parts.更多还原