【作者】 徐峰；

【导师】 史铁钧；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 杉木是一种是优良的速生用材树种，在我国种植面积广泛。但由于技术上的原因，木材加工剩余物的利用率很低，不仅造成浪费也对环境产生影响。本文以杉木粉为原料，通过使用液化、杂化等方法对杉木粉进行利用，以提高杉木的利用率。本文的工作主要集中在以下几个方面：一、以硫酸为催化剂苯酚为液化剂进行杉木粉液化，研究了反应温度、液比（苯酚／木粉的质量比）和催化剂用量对杉木粉液化效率的影响。结果表明随着反应温度的升高，液化产物残渣率下降，液化效率提高；液比对残渣率的影响在低液比范围内更加敏感，液比由0.5提高到1.5，杉木液化产物的残渣率有显著的降低；随着催化剂用量的增加，杉木粉液化反应的液化产物残渣率降低，液化反应的效率提高，在低用量范围内（0.5％～2％），效果更加明显。二、以液化产物为主要原料，采用两步法制备出酚醛树脂，研究了液化产物残渣含量对酚醛树脂性能的影响。结果表明随着液化产物残渣率含量的上升，树脂的粘度增大，固含量降低；在残渣含量比较低时，制备的酚醛树脂能够满足普通酚醛树脂的使用要求。三、以杉木粉为原料和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为无机前驱体，依据溶剂热法反应原理，采用溶胶．凝胶的方法制备了杉木粉／SiO₂杂化材料。通过红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、热失重分析、扫描电子显微镜分析等方法，研究了该杂化材料的结构和性能。结果表明使用这种方法，木材的增重率显著提高；木材中的羟基与正硅酸乙酯水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应，体系中存在Si-O-C交联网络，微观上形成了纳米网络结构；木质纤维素的结晶被破坏，结晶度显著下降；交联网络的形成显著提高了该材料的耐热性能，而吸水性则显著下降。四、以杉木粉／SiO₂杂化材料为原料，在真空中高温烧结，制备了木材陶瓷。并用红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析等分析方法研究了该木材陶瓷的结构。结果表明该木材陶瓷主要由SiO₂和C组成，是一种多孔性材料，其平均孔径约为140μm。随着杂化材料中SiO₂含量地增加和碳化温度地升高，木材陶瓷中四方晶系的SiO₂含量也相应增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese Fir was one of fast-growing trees with valuable timber attributes, which was widely cultivated in our country. Because of the technique, the utilization rate of the timber processes surplus thing was very low, which not only result in to waste but also influence to the environment creation. The comprehensive utilization of Chinese Fir was increased by the method of liquefaction and hybrid using Chinese Fir wood meals as raw material.The work in this paper included:1. There search focus on the liquefaction of Chinese Fir wood meals by phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid used as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, liquid ratio （weight ratio of phenol-to-wood） and catalyst on the reaction efficiency of liquefaction were investigated. The results show that the residue contents of liquefied Chinese Fir wood meals decreased and the rate of liquefaction improved with increasing reaction temperature. Residue contents of liquefied products were more sensitive in the lower liquid ratio. Residue contents of liquefied products were remarkably decreased with raised liquid ratio from 0.5 to 1.5. Residue contents of liquefied products were more decreased with increasing concentration of catalyst in the low ranges（0.5%-2%）.2. Phenolic resin was prepared by the method of two-stage process using liquefied products as raw material. The effects of residue contents of liquefied products on properties of the PF resin were investigated. The results show that the viscosity of the resins increased with the improving residue contents of liquefied products. On the contrary, the solid contents decreased with the improving residue contents of liquefied products. Properties of the PF resin were good, when the residue contents of liquefied products was lower.3. The Chinese fir wood meals /SiO₂ hybrid material was prepared by the method of sol-gel using TEOS as inorganic medium and china fir wood meals as raw material, according to the principle of solvothermal method. The structure and property of the hybrid material were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM respectively. The results show that the WPG （weight percent gain） of the wood gets a marked improvement and the hydroxyl groups from the hydrolysis of TEOS reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the wood. In SEM analysis, the network whose size is in nanoscale is found , which resulted from the coagulation of Si-O-C network. And in XRD analysis, the crystalline phase of lignocellulose has been destroyed. Meanwhile, the crystallinity decreases. The hybrid material has a better thermostability and worse water absorbency.4. The woodceramics was prepared by the method of carbonization under vacuum using china fir wood meals as raw material. The structure of the woodceramics were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM respectively. The results show that the woodceramics with porous structure was made up of SiO₂ and C and its average aperture was 140μm. With the increase the content of SiO₂ in the hybrid materials and carbonization temperature, the content of tetragonal lattice of SiO₂ increased.更多还原